氮磷钾在冬小麦上的产量效应与养分平衡

通过田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾在冬小麦上的产量效应、土壤供氮、磷、钾能力以及土壤氮、磷、钾收支平衡状况。结果表明,与不施肥处理比较,施肥明显促进冬小麦各生育期的生长发育,最终形成对产量的影响。与-N(不施氮),-P(不施磷)处理比较,NPK处理(施氮、磷肥)分别增产10.7%,5.4%,差异达到显著水平。土壤供氮、磷、钾的能力分别为89.3%,84.6%,96.6%。1/2N、1/2P、1/2K处理的产量分别相当于NPK处理的96.2%,98.1%,97.4%,各处理间产量无显著变化。NPK处理的氮磷钾籽粒表观利用率分别为16.4%,10.9%,7.4%,氮磷钾回收率(表观利用率)分别为24.6%,17.1%,41.0%;氮磷钾用量减半,籽粒利用率分别为25.1%,15.2%,6.3%,氮磷钾回收率分别为31.6%,26.0%,49.1%,各处理产量高低顺序为:NPK>1/2P,1/2K>-K,1/2N>-N,-P>对照。冬小麦高产的土壤养分限制因子N,P>K。依据氮磷钾肥产量效应和土壤氮、磷、钾平衡状况提出氮磷钾(N,P2O5,K2O)推荐用量分别为202.5～216,27～54,0～18 kg/hm2。     

不同处理对黑草种子发芽能力影响的研究

黑草野生资源逐渐减少,研究黑草种子的报道也较少。通过对贵州省望谟县野生黑草种子的研究,发现经过不同处理后,黑草种子发芽能力有很大差异,研究结果表明:低温浸种6 h的黑草种子最先露白,发芽率和发芽指数也较高,而且黑草种子适合生长于pH值为6.5的环境中,过酸或过碱会使其不发芽,同时,施加一定浓度的GA溶液会使黑草种子提前露白发芽,发芽率和发芽指数都会提高,但是浓度过高,又会使得黑草发霉。     

刺槐无性系叶片营养价值变异分析

为了比较刺槐无性系间的营养差异,分析19个3年生刺槐无性系（6个来自于国内,3个来源于匈牙利,10个来源于韩国）的叶片粗蛋白质、纤维、钙、磷、单宁和18种氨基酸含量,利用必需氨基酸分（AAS）、必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）和模糊最优局势决策法对其营养价值进行了综合评价。结果表明:各刺槐无性系叶片的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、钙和磷含量均差异不显著,仅无性系K4、K5、A、B和G的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于普通刺槐2N（P0.05）,无性系G的单宁含量（6.9 g/kg）显著低于2N（28.9 g/kg）（P0.05）;各无性系的18种氨基酸总量为159.8~240.0 g/kg,且其组成平衡;必需氨基酸分为84.1~118.8,明显高于苜蓿草粉（64.3）;必需氨基酸指数表明其可作为牛、鸡、猪、草鱼、羊和兔的优良饲料;综合营养价值除2N、H1、K3和K4与苜蓿草粉相似外,其他无性系均高于苜蓿草粉。      

枸杞在食品加工中的应用

枸杞营养成分非常丰富,具有多种经济性状,在食品加工中应用空间极大。介绍了以枸杞叶、枸杞果实、枸杞籽及枸杞提取物为原料的枸杞加工制品,旨在说明枸杞在食品加工中的应用前景。     

基于“工学结合”模式下学生顶岗实习的探索与思考

顶岗实习是实现高职实践教学与职业工作零距离对接的高职教学基本规范,是高等职业院校培养生产一线高技能应用型人才的关键教学环节。通过顶岗实习,让学生在"做中学、学中做",从而更好地训练学生的专业技能、职业素质,培养的学生专业技能强、综合素质好,就业质量高,实现与企业的"零距离对接"。     

Wind Power Utilization Efficiency on Roof of Rectangular Buildings

Installing small wind turbines on the roof of buildings is a new way of wind power utilization in recently years. Based on the annual mean wind speed, the efficiency of wind power utilization on roofs of buildings was studied and the evaluation indexes for the utilization efficiency were proposed. With the help of CFD numerical analysis, the analysis on wind power utilization efficiency on flat roofs of rectangular buildings was carried out. The performance indexes of reference points under different windward angles were investigated. The best position and arrangement of wind turbines on the roof were also discussed. Furthermore, the utilization efficiency of four roofs with different shapes were analyzed and compared with that of flat roof.     

Software fault location of CNC system

In order to quickly and accurately locate the fault of CNC software and improve the reliability of CNC system,an improved algorithm of similar path and fuzzy judgment is introduced into the fault location of CNC software. Firstly,according to the execution information recorded by monitor,the failed path is generated;secondly,the similar path set can be obtained from control flow graph and failed path;then the search scope of suspicious codes can be reduced by program slicing;finally,the fuzzy mathematics is performed to judge suspicious codes. In addition,the experiment on the NURBS interpolation injected bugs is carried out. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method is effective in locating the fault of the CNC software.     

Numerical simulation on phasing strategy for a gasoline engine with continuously variable intake camshaft

Intake camshaft equipped with continuously adjustable cam phasing units is applied to a 486Q gasoline engine. Phasing strategies are researched through engine cycle simulation to achieve superior engine performance. The simulation results show that at high load and low and moderate speed of the engine,phasing adjustment can lead to 6% to 8% increase in power performance because phasing advance contributes to suppressing intake backflow at IVC(intake valve closed). Cam phases obtained from numerical optimization have good agreement with engine test. At moderate load,cycle simulations show that phasing advance can increase residual gas coefficient from 9% to 20%,and reduce NO emission by 80%,BSFC(brake specific fuel consumption) by 2% at a demonstration operation. With regard to fuel economy and emissions,adjustment and optimization of intake phasing at moderate load are further verified by engine test. At low load,technical approaches to enhance combustion stability,reduce HC emission and improve cold start are investigated. The effectiveness of suppressing exhaust backflow into intake duct by phasing retard is testified by simulation. Phasing changes at the operating condition are optimally obtained by engine test for improvement of combustion stability.     

模拟氮沉降对水稻生长、产量及光合特性的影响

田间试验研究4种水平的模拟氮沉降(即N0、N1、N2、N3、N4,施氮量分别为0、3、6、12、24 g/(m2.a)对早稻品种"岳优463"不同生长发育阶段的影响。结果表明,氮沉降对水稻的生长、产量及光合作用有一定的促进作用。经高氮沉降(N4)处理,水稻株高、光合速率在分蘖期分别比对照(N0)增加了45.6%和49.5%,在乳熟期比对照增加了6.4%和28.9%。氮沉降对水稻叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素(a+b)含量均表现为促进作用。乳熟期N1、N2、N3、N4的叶绿素(a+b)比N0增加了34.9%、51.5%、111.3%和143.6%。中高氮处理(N3,N4)对水稻产量的促进作用较为显著,N1、N2、N3、N4的产量分别比N0增加了1.3%、6.2%、13.0%和42.6%。随施氮水平的增加,秕谷率也增加,而产量指数和籽粒大小呈下降趋势。     

6个药用菊花栽培类型生长势及抗性综合评价

对洛阳市栾川县引种栽培的6个药用菊花栽培类型的生长势和生理抗性指标变化及其相关性进行了研究.结果表明,6个栽培类型可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性、CAT活性和部分栽培类型POD活性均呈现先增高、后降低的动态变化趋势,并在09-25达到最高值;生长势变化均呈"S"型增长,并在10-25达到最大值;大洋菊、贡菊在生长势和生理抗性上均表现出优势,适宜洛阳市栾川县引种栽培.