青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】对青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因进行克隆及表达分析,为揭示其在青海湖裸鲤生长和生理过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR和RACE技术克隆青海湖裸鲤中TOB1和TOB2基因的cDNA全长序列,对其特性进行了生物信息学分析。以β-actin为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测TOB1和TOB2基因在3龄成鱼肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织及发育12,72,120,168,216 h胚胎中的表达水平。【结果】青海湖裸鲤TOB1 cDNA全长为1 734 bp,5′非编码区为466 bp,3′非编码区为296 bp,开放阅读框长972 bp,编码323个氨基酸。TOB2 cDNA全长为2 785 bp,5′非编码区为51 bp,3′非编码区为1 582 bp,开放阅读框为1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。TOB1和TOB2在N端均具有明显的BTG家族结构域,且系统进化分析显示2个TOB蛋白与鲤科鱼类同源性较高,亲缘较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TOB1和TOB2在3龄成鱼的肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织中均有表达;TOB1在3龄成鱼的心脏组织中表达量最高,其次为脑和肌肉组织,在鳃组织中的表达量最低;TOB2在3龄成鱼的脑组织中表达量最高,其次为肌肉。TOB1及TOB2在不同发育时期胚胎中均有表达,且都在12 h胚胎中表达量最高。【结论】TOB1及TOB2在3龄成鱼各个组织及胚胎中均有表达,但表达量有较大差异,表明2个基因均具有时空表达特异性。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

紫薯淀粉对小麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响

以小麦淀粉和紫薯淀粉为材料，利用质构仪、核磁共振、动态流变仪和扫描电镜等分析了紫薯淀粉添加量（0～15%）对小麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响。结果表明：紫薯淀粉添加量在0～15%范围内，随着紫薯淀粉添加量的增加，小麦淀粉凝胶的弹性和内聚性显著增加(P < 0.05)，添加量为10%时，变化最明显。混合淀粉凝胶的弹性模量（G′）和粘性模量（G″）随着紫薯淀粉增加而增加，而损耗角正切值（tanδ）呈下降趋势且小于1，表明混合淀粉凝胶的固体性质增强。在冻融循环过程中，与纯小麦淀粉相比, 混合淀粉凝胶的脱水缩合率呈下降趋势，表明紫薯淀粉的添加使小麦淀粉凝胶强度增大，凝胶网络结构变致密，所以水分难以从淀粉凝胶网络结构中析出。低场核磁中的结果显示，紫薯淀粉的添加，使小麦淀粉凝胶中的一部分自由水转化为弱结合水，提高了混合凝胶的持水性；凝胶网络结构扫描结果显示，紫薯淀粉的添加使混合淀粉凝胶的孔洞分布均匀且孔洞变小。综合结果表明，紫薯淀粉可增强小麦淀粉凝胶的网络结构，改善小麦淀粉的凝胶特性。     

海水中规模化培养西藏拟溞的技术优化研究

为了给北方海水鱼虾蟹类育苗增添一种新的生物活饵料,利用循环水培养装置研究了西藏拟溞Daphniopsis tibetana Sars在稀释海水(盐度为18~20)中规模化培养的技术工艺参数,即起始放养密度、充纯氧和日采收率。结果表明:起始放养密度对西藏拟溞种群增长和日产量影响显著(P0.05),不同起始放养密度(200、550、900、1250 ind./L)培养试验中,放养密度为1250ind./L时,培养第33天时种群密度达最高,为(9500±550.73)ind./L,平均日产量为(125.00±8.35)g/(m3·d);充纯氧与充空气相比较,充纯氧能显著提高种群密度和日产量(P0.05),当放养密度为1250 ind./L、充纯氧时,西藏拟溞种群密度最高达(11 600±560.45)ind./L,平均日产量为(156.82±8.49)g/(m3·d);日采收率对西藏拟溞的种群增长和日产量也有显著影响(P0.05),日采收率为20%时最佳,放养密度为1250ind./L、日采收率为20%时,西藏拟溞种群密度最高为(12 900±995.04)ind./L,平均日产量为(176.52±15.08)g/(m3·d)。     

天水市区行道树结构特征分析

对天水市城区行道树资源、使用频度、综合指数进行了调查分析。结果表明,天水市区行道树共有30种,隶属19科24属。其中重要值较高的行道树有侧柏、国槐、栾树、女贞、悬铃木。天水市区行道树多样性指数与物种丰富度呈正相关,秦州区的多样性指数及物种丰富度均高于麦积区。     

景颇族传统民族图案在园林中的应用探讨

少数民族的传统图案是一笔独特的文化财富。本文通过对景颇族传统图案的产生、类型和象征分析,对部分典型图案的图示和阐述,探讨了景颇族民族传统图案在园林中的应用形式和发展前景,为设计具有少数民族特色的园林提供思路和方法。     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

农村中小学现代远程教育资源利用的问题与策略

随着农村中小学现代远程教育工程的逐步实施和深入，农村中小学在利用农村远程教育资源（以下简称农远资源）的过程中也暴露出越来越多的问题。针对农远资源在农村中小学教育中利用率低的问题，在做了相关调查的基础上，分析了农村中小学农远资源利用中存在的弊端，为提高农远资源的利用率提出了相关的解决策略。     

藜麦种子萌发阶段响应干旱和盐胁迫变化的综合评价

随着我国藜麦产业不断发展和利用边际性土地种植规模的扩大,藜麦种子萌发阶段对干旱和盐胁迫的响应研究越来越受到重视。本文采用室内PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫和NaCl模拟盐胁迫,通过测定发芽率、发芽势、长度和鲜重等8个指标,对5个藜麦品种(系)(‘南非2号’‘陇藜1号’‘陇藜4号’、HTH-y605、HTH-01)种子萌发期对干旱和盐胁迫的响应进行综合评价研究,并利用主成分分析方法评价藜麦的抗旱性和耐盐性,指出抗旱性和耐盐性的主要评价指标。结果表明:在藜麦萌发阶段抗旱性综合评价中,主成分分析将8个指标归类为2个成分因子,各成分分别以相对长度和相对发芽率载荷量最大,可作为藜麦萌发期抗旱性主要鉴定指标。抗旱性强弱顺序为:‘南非2号’HTH-01‘陇藜4号’‘陇藜1号’HTH-y605。在其耐盐性综合评价中,通过主成分分析将8个指标归类为3个成分因子,相对长度、相对发芽率和相对发芽指数分别为各成分因子上最大的载荷,可以作为藜麦萌发期耐盐性的主要鉴定指标,耐盐性强弱顺序为:HTH-01HTH-y605‘陇藜4号’‘陇藜1号’‘南非2号’。相关性分析结果显示,不同藜麦品种萌发阶段抗旱性与耐盐性之间无明显相关性。研究发现藜麦不同品种在抗旱性和耐盐性具有遗传多样性,其机制有待进一步研究。研究结论对藜麦抗逆机理研究和品种选育有一定的参考价值,为当前中低产田开发利用提供了理论和数据支持。     

生防菌+恶霉灵最优组合的筛选及对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果研究

苦瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae）侵染引起的一种土传病害，目前市场上缺乏防治效果较好的农药或生防菌剂。为了更好地防治苦瓜枯萎病，通过盆栽试验筛选出绿针假单胞菌（Pseudomonas chlororaphis）G5 与恶霉灵复配施用的最优组合，并在苦瓜枯萎病发病样地对盆栽试验筛选出的最优组合进行防效验证。试验结果表明：菌药组合B+0.75Hym（1×10⁹ cfu · mL^-1 G5 菌悬液+187.5 mg · L-¹ 恶霉灵）处理对盆栽苦瓜枯萎病的防病效果为81.60%，明显高于其他处理；同时该组合对苦瓜幼苗的促生作用最为明显。接种苦瓜枯萎病菌后，菌药组合B+0.75Hym的苦瓜叶片中PAL、PPO、POD 防御酶活性较高。田间防效验证试验中苦瓜苗移栽30、60 d 后菌药组合B+0.75Hym 对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果较高，分别达到了52.59%、32.13%，且苦瓜产量也高于其他处理。表明盆栽试验筛选出的菌药最优组合B+0.75Hym 不仅能够降低农药的使用量，而且能够有效防治苦瓜枯萎病，提高苦瓜产量，有一定的生产实用价值。