Fisheries of two tropical lagoons in Ghana, West Africa

Abstract  The fisheries of two coastal lagoons, Keta and Songor, were studied as part of Ghana Coastal Wetlands Management Project (GCWMP) aimed at sustainable exploitation of wetland resources. Fish samples were obtained with seine nets and cast net as well as from local fishermen. Water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and turbidity) were similar in the two lagoons, except for salinity, which was significantly different ( P  < 0.001). Despite their close geographical proximity, the two lagoons supported different fish assemblages with the blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, and the redchin tilapia, Tilapia guineensis (Bleeker), being the most important commercial fishes in both lagoons. The number of individuals for each species in Songor Lagoon were far more abundant, with densities several orders of magnitude higher than in Keta Lagoon. However, both species were significantly larger ( P  < 0.01) in the latter [15–121 and 25–157 mm standard length (SL)] than in the former lagoon (30–102 and 15–95 mm SL) for S. melanotheron and T. guineensis respectively. Over-fishing, use of small-size mesh nets, limited mixing of marine and fresh water were some of the factors limiting fish production in both lagoons.     

福建泉州湾环境质量评价

本文依据2000～2001年福建主要港湾水产养殖容量研究的调查资料，分析并评价了泉州湾的环境质量。结果表明：泉州湾DO、pH值、COD和活性磷酸盐基本符合二类海水水质标准，而无机氮严重超标。由于福建省第三大河流晋江携带大量工农业废水排入该海湾，造成水质无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量偏高，潜在富营养化因素，应加强污水排放的治理和海域环境保护。     

两种多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、血清抗氧化指标及组织镉积累量的影响

为研究0.40%硫酸软骨素(CS)和酸解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖(AOKGM)对齐口裂腹鱼生长、抗氧化及镉胁迫之后抗氧化性能和组织中(肝脏、肾脏和鳃)镉积累量的影响,实验选取450尾初始体质量为(98.00±8.54) g的齐口裂腹鱼分为3组(对照组、AOKGM组和CS组),进行为期8周的养殖实验,然后每个实验组选取120尾齐口裂腹鱼暴露在镉环境中,进行15 d的镉胁迫实验(镉浓度分别为0、0.10、0.25和1.00 mg/L),分别对2种多糖在齐口裂腹鱼生长及抗氧化性能方面进行相关研究,以及分析镉胁迫后2种多糖的抗氧化性能和组织中镉的积累量。结果显示,与对照组相比,2种多糖显著提高了齐口裂腹鱼的特定生长率、脾体指数和头肾指数;粗脂肪、灰分和粗蛋白质相对于对照组也有显著影响。CS和AOKGM均显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总蛋白(TP)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,降低葡萄糖(GLU)含量;CS能显著提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和胆固醇(TC)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示,与镉浓度0 mg/L相比,MDA含量在镉浓度为1.00 mg/L时最高,SOD活性在镉浓度为1.00 mg/L时最低,GSH-Px活性在镉浓度为0.25和1.00 mg/L时显著降低,NO含量在镉浓度为0.25和1.00 mg/L时显著升高。镉胁迫实验中,与对照组相比,2种多糖组的SOD活性显著提高,MDA含量降低;NO含量在镉浓度0.10～1.00 mg/L胁迫时显著降低;CS显著提高镉浓度0.10、0.25 mg/L胁迫下的GSH-Px活性,AOKGM组GSH-Px活性在镉浓度为0.25、1.00 mg/L时显著高于对照组。与无镉组对比,齐口裂腹鱼肝脏、肾脏和鳃镉的积累量在各镉浓度下显著增加;而CS和AOKGM均能够降低机体组织镉含量。研究表明,在饲料中添加0.40%的2种多糖均能提高齐口裂腹鱼生长、抗氧化性能,降低镉胁迫下鱼体肝脏、肾脏和鳃中镉的积累量,缓解镉对齐口裂腹鱼造成的氧化损伤,为齐口裂腹鱼饲料的开发提供新的理论依据。     

Monitoring Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin occurrences in a highly urbanized estuary for informing conservation and management

1. The estuaries within the Pearl River Delta are sites for large-scale urban development and offshore construction. These projects have conservation stakeholders calling for more protection for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins whose habitat overlaps with current and proposed construction sites.
2. Efforts to improve impact assessments are hindered by the lack of baseline data and comprehensive understanding of how often the dolphins are present in areas near or within locations targeted for further development. The Modaomen Estuary within the Pearl River Delta is a good example of this, with little consideration for the dolphins as no data on their diurnal and seasonal occurrences within the estuary exist.
3. A passive acoustic monitoring system was deployed over a calendar year from October 2016 to September 2017 to monitor the presence of humpback dolphins in the Modaomen Estuary.
4. Results indicated that the estuary is an important area for humpback dolphins, with regular diel rhythms and seasonality in detection rates. For example, higher detections were seen during the wet season than during the dry season. However, there was no significant difference in detection rates between the flood and ebb tides, or between high and low tidal phases.
5. Since the Modaomen Estuary is targeted for further development in the near future, these data provide the rationale for resource management and consent processes to consider potential impacts on the dolphins, as well as to aid marine spatial planning and conservation measures.

     

Influence of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass composition and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass proximate composition and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima), a cyprinid fish. White fish meal was the primary protein source in the study. Eight experimental diets containing 13–55% crude protein were fed to three replicate groups of six fish weighing nearly 8.5 g each for 10 weeks. Both percentage weight gain and feed efficiency ratio increased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels up to 31%, but there was no further increase for protein levels from 31% to 55%. Application of broken‐line regression analysis to the percentage weight gain provided an estimate of 32.7±1.5% dietary protein for maximum growth. The protein efficiency ratio and productive lipid value were inversely correlated with dietary protein level. The hepatosomatic index and the viscerosomatic index were also inversely related to dietary protein level. The carcass protein of fish fed lower protein diets was significantly lower than that of the fish fed higher protein diets. Carcass lipid content decreased with increasing dietary protein levels, whereas moisture was inversely related to lipid content. Both liver glycogen and liver lipid contents decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Triglyceride was the major component in the liver lipid, and the amount of triglyceride deposited in the liver also decreased with dietary protein levels. The results indicated that both carcass proximate composition and liver lipid class of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi were affected by dietary treatments.     

用于驱赶农作物有害动物的智能声防系统设计

针对农业生产中动物有害行为导致农作物减产和农产品价值严重损失的实际问题,设计研发出一种驱赶农作物有害动物的智能声防系统。该系统以无线传感器网络作探测和通信平台,采用以ARM9微处理器和AT89C51SND1单片机为核心的嵌入式系统构建总控制器和执行器硬件平台,通过热释电传感器对有害动物在农田中的出没位置进行探测,依据“作物种类–周围环境–有害动物–天敌”逻辑关系模型对其种类作出判断,然后由执行器播放该种动物对应天敌的叫声,从而实现对多种农作物有害动物的智能声防。与现有的驱赶模式易被有害动物适应且效果不佳相比,该系统具有驱赶效果好、有效作用面积大、可扩展性强及装设灵活等优点,是一种无污染、具有智能特性的驱赶农作物有害动物的有效解决方案。     

抽气方式与充气压力对盒式气调包装气体置换性能的影响

基于不同条件的气体置换流场分析是实现气体置换工艺参数与结构优化的基础。针对盒式气调包装机的关键装置—气体置换装置的物理模型进行流场分析,采用RNG k-ξ湍流模型对进行气流流场数值模拟,建立盒式气调包装气体置换结构内部三维流场;比较等效面积下3种抽气方式对包装内部气体置换性能的影响,确定抽气孔的优化布置方式;分析不同压差工况下的气体置换速度,确定充气压力适宜的工作范围。结果表明,当压强相对于极限真空处于粗真空时（0.04～ 0.1 MPa）,3种抽气方式的气体置换效率差异不显著,随着压强的减小（小于0.04 MPa）,中间抽气方式优于两边抽气方式;同时,采用中间抽气,两边四孔充气方式时,充气压力大于0.5 MPa,有利于获得较高的气体置换精度与置换效率。     

低温螺旋榨油机榨螺表面爆炸喷涂涂层技术

为提高低温螺旋榨油机榨螺的使用寿命,采用爆炸喷涂工艺,在榨螺的表面制备WC-12%Co耐磨涂层,对涂层的相组成和形貌进行了分析,对涂层的硬度及其与基体的结合强度进行了测定,并与传统榨螺的试样进行了磨料磨损对比试验。结果表明,该涂层具有良好的力学性能,WC-12%Co爆炸喷涂涂层使用寿命是传统榨螺渗碳淬火层的4.2倍。     

面向对象的土地利用/覆盖遥感分类方法与流程应用

为了进一步提高干旱/半干旱地区土地利用/覆盖分类精度,该文以新疆石河子垦区为研究区,利用NDVI时间序列分析的方法确定了土地利用/覆盖遥感分类最佳时相组合;采用最佳指数因子OIF对参与图像分割的谱段进行选择;选择不同分割参数建立4级分割层次,构建了不同尺度的分类对象;针对其不同特点,分别选择基于知识的模糊分类和基于样本的监督分类方法;建立了面向对象的土地利用/覆盖遥感分类流程。采用地面实测数据对分类效果进行评估,与基于像元的分类方法相比,该文方法能够获取更高的分类精度,可为同类的研究与应用提供借鉴。     

农田无线传感器网络的节点部署仿真与实现

应用无线传感器网络进行农田信息采集时,针对农田面积大、传感器节点众多的特点,如何有效地部署节点成为研究的热点之一。利用NS2软件从丢包率、平均延时、剩余能量和接收信号强度等网络性能角度对随机部署、正六边形部署及正四边形部署方式进行了仿真比较,最终确定正六边形部署方案,并在农田中进行实地试验。结果表明系统能够实现无缝覆盖,稳定可靠的采集农田信息,为无线传感器网络在农田环境中的进一步应用提供了参考。