智能化甘蔗喷药系统的设计

针对甘蔗人工喷洒农药的劳动强度大、以往机动弥雾机自动化程度偏低、喷药杀虫效果不理想的现状,设计了一种智能化甘蔗喷药系统.该系统采用水位传感器、质量检测器和STC89C516单片机,在实现智能化农药对水的基础上,使用CMOS摄像头对喷药质量进行实时监测,在药液中适当加入天然红色素和运用改进型BP神经网络进行模式识别,提高了着药面积的识别效果.甘蔗叶面喷药试验结果表明,该系统的农药对水和图像识别效果理想,只是机器在转弯时灵活性略差,但可以在后续的研究中对其改进.因此,该智能化甘蔗喷药系统具有实际开发价值.     

高射远程杨树静电喷雾机的研制

为满足杨树病虫害防治的需要,采用压力雾化与风力雾化相结合,利用风机强力气流将含药雾滴风送到远处,再采用低量喷雾、静电喷雾技术,增加雾滴附着性能,成功研制了一种适用于农用车车载的高效杨树静电高射远程喷雾机.实验表明,该机水平射程达45m,垂直射程达22m;防治作业速度快,劳动生产率高;射高作业时喷雾速率为3.24hm2/h,水平喷射时纯喷雾速率为39hm2/h.     

双流体静电感应喷雾流场测量的试验研究

运用OLID测量系统,对双流体静电感应喷头在不同充电电压和气体压力条件下的喷雾流场进行了测试,对粒径大小、速度分布的测量结果进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:雾滴在气流剪切力和静电力的作用下,在整个流场中粒径与速度均呈中心大、边缘小对称分布;喷嘴气体压力是影响雾滴粒径大小的主要因素,气体压力愈大,荷电雾滴的粒径愈小且分布愈均匀;随充电电压的升高, 雾滴的粒径减小,平均速度值增大,中心与边缘粒径与速度的分布趋向均匀.     

花椒病虫害影响因素的初步研究

花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim属芸香科花椒属植物,四川省北川县青片乡花椒种植面积较大,由于当地花椒风味独特,市场供不应求.但是,当地花椒树一直受根腐病、花椒虎天牛和花椒瘿蚊的危害,致使约80%的椒树未达到盛果期就死亡.     

课程思政融入《动物解剖与组织胚胎学》教学实践中的探索

课程思政是高校落实立德树人教育根本任务的有效途径。《动物解剖与组织胚胎学》是高等院校动物医学等相关学科领域的专业基础课之一。本文通过剖析《动物解剖与组织胚胎学》课程中的思政元素案例,以期为专业教育与思政教育的有效结合提供新思路,推动新农科背景下专业课程思政的建设。     

民族地区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接研究进展

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接,防止规模性返贫,是"十四五"时期的重要任务,也是当前学术界研究的重点。文中梳理了当前关于两者衔接的研究进展,并从衔接理论逻辑、实现路径、衔接难点、政策建议4个方面进行了分类总结;针对民族地区的衔接问题从系统和个案2个角度进行分析梳理,认为需要建立一套考察衔接有效程度的评价指标体系,从民族地区特征入手,对其巩固拓展脱贫成果与有效衔接研究给予更多关注。     

Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.     

Study on the adaptability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to diets from the perspective of digestion and absorption

As an ecologically sustainable aquaculture mode, the rice‐fish approach has been paid more attention in recent years. In rice paddies, there are plant and animal diet items available to fish, but it is not clear how common carp adapt to different diets. In view of this, common carp (initial weight 492.6 ± 30 g, n = 270) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with earthworms (group A), earthworms + duckweed (group M) and duckweed (group P) respectively. After 8 weeks under these feeding regimes, the intestinal digestive enzymes activities were assayed, and intestinal tissue sections stained with HE and AB‐PAS were used to observe the morphology. The results showed that the activities of trypsin and lipase were highest in group A, followed by group M and group P. Group A had greater intestinal fold height, fold width and fold absorption area than the other groups (p < .05), especially in the foregut. Meanwhile, the total number of mucous cells was largest in group P, followed by the groups M and A. Totally, activities and distributions of digestive enzymes, fold height, fold width, fold absorption area and number and distribution of mucous cells of common carp were affected by the type of diet. Based on these results, it was found that common carp has strong adaptability to diets, and it was speculated that the majority of digestion and absorption of protein was concentrated in the foregut, while for starch and cellulose, it was spread out along the whole intestine.     

野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉营养品质的比较分析

对黑斑蛙肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素进行测定,旨在比较分析野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的营养品质。试验结果表明,养殖黑斑蛙肌肉粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量高于野生黑斑蛙,水分含量则低于野生黑斑蛙,但两者间差异不显著( P >0.05);野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉除谷氨酸和酪氨酸外的氨基酸含量均无显著性差异( P >0.05);野生黑斑蛙肌肉的总氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量高于养殖黑斑蛙。根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果,野生和养殖黑斑蛙肌肉中赖氨酸含量相对较高,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为70.25和72.42。野生黑斑蛙饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖黑斑蛙( P <0.05),而养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于野生黑斑蛙( P >0.05)。野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉14种矿物元素中,锌、铝和硒含量有显著差异( P <0.05),重金属元素(砷、镉、铅)含量均在限量范围以内。由此可知,养殖黑斑蛙营养组成价值接近于野生黑斑蛙。