Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.     

异速对辊式玉米秸秆粉碎还田装置设计与试验

针对玉米秸秆量大、韧性强,导致还田后秸秆粉碎不均匀影响后续整地和播种等问题,该研究提出了一种异速对辊及动态双支撑形式的玉米秸秆粉碎还田方式,并研制了相应的玉米秸秆还田装置,主要由捡拾粉碎单元、对辊滑切支撑单元、支撑板和机壳等组成。在异速动态双支撑条件下,通过对作业过程中玉米秸秆动力学分析和秸秆漏捡面积分析,对捡拾粉碎刀和对辊滑切支撑刀进行设计,建立了影响秸秆粉碎合格率的数学模型。以捡拾粉碎刀转速、L型甩刀折弯角、L型甩刀刃口长度和滑切支撑刀滑切角为因素,秸秆粉碎合格率为试验指标进行Box-Behnken试验。田间试验结果表明:当滑切支撑刀滑切角45°、捡拾粉碎刀转速1 700 r/min、L型甩刀刃口长度45 mm和L型甩刀折弯角40°时,玉米秸秆粉碎合格率为92.58%,与预测值误差5%,满足国家标准要求。该研究提出的秸秆粉碎还田方式和研制的秸秆粉碎装置为玉米秸秆粉碎还田机设计和优化提供新的方案和技术支撑。     

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.     

16份四川小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南抗条锈性表现

小麦条锈病我国小麦生产上的最主要的病害,种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效环保的措施。2014—2017年,先后对16份四川省小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南不同生态区的甘谷试验站和汪川良种场两地进行自然诱发鉴定,评价其抗病性。结果发现,所有供试品种均表现感病,川农10号等5份材料具有慢条锈性。     

番茄褪绿病毒在湖南省首次发生

2016年7月在湖南省蔬菜病害调查中发现,4种茄科蔬菜表现出叶脉间褪绿、叶片黄化等症状,疑似被番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感染,同时叶片背面聚集了大量烟粉虱。采用To CV热激蛋白(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)序列的特异性引物对采集的番茄、茄子、辣椒、马铃薯样品和烟粉虱样品进行RT-PCR检测,均扩增出目标条带,且扩增序列与北京番茄To CV分离物(KC887999.1)部分序列相似度为99.0%,确认采集样品被To CV感染。4种茄科蔬菜To CV的感染率达70%~100%;发病叶片上烟粉虱的带毒率为66.7%~87.5%;鉴定出烟粉虱的生物类型为MED烟粉虱。这是湖南省首次确认该病毒,需要引起关注和加强防范。     

白茶寿眉预防小鼠肥胖作用研究及安全性评价

取1、3、7年寿眉(白茶)制备白茶提取物(White tea extracts,WTEs)。在对雄性C57BL/6J小鼠喂饲高脂饲料的同时给予WTEs干预,诱导建立预肥胖模型。观察小鼠体质量增量、摄食量、脂肪和肝脏组织病理学变化,统计脂肪湿重,测定血脂及血转氨酶水平。q PCR测定小鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关基因表达。综合评价WTEs预防小鼠肥胖功效及其安全性,并对其机制进行探究。结果显示,WTEs在无肝毒性和生长抑制作用条件下,能抑制脂肪细胞分化和脂肪的过度积累,还能下调SREBP-1c、FAS和ACC1的转录水平,抑制肝脏脂肪酸合成和脂肪过度积累,有效预防肥胖和脂肪肝的发生。高剂量下,WTEs预防肥胖功效随白茶年份的增加而显著降低。     

欣试71143的特征特性及栽培技术

欣试71143是河北省河间市国欣农村技术服务总会选育的转基因抗虫棉品种，于2014年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文主要介绍该品种的选育过程、特征特性及主要栽培技术。     

小麦条锈菌夏孢子在不同温度下离体处理后的致病力研究

以小麦条锈菌高感品种铭贤169为试验材料,设置了-50、-45、-40、-35、-30、-25、-20℃7个不同温度梯度,研究了小麦条锈菌夏孢子离体处理后的致病力。结果表明,在-35~-20℃低温下,条锈菌夏孢子可存活10 d,接种寄主小麦后病叶率2.36%~74.39%,平均严重度0.13%~4.21%;-40℃下可存活8 d,病叶率1.23%~2.78%,平均严重度0.01%~0.29%;-50℃下可存活6 d,病叶率1.04%~1.39%,平均严重度0.01%~0.17%。随着处理温度的降低,夏孢子致病力逐渐下降。在相同温度下,随着夏孢子离体处理时间的延长,致病力亦呈逐渐下降趋势。     

Arduino物联网系统在连栋大棚中的选型与设计

针对物联网技术在设施蔬菜种植研发及应用成本过高的现状,提出了一种应用于连栋蔬菜大棚的物联网系统选型及构建方案,该方案以Arduino单片机(WeMos D1)为核心,选用性价比高的传感器和开源免费的软件系统,以较低的经济成本和技术难度实现连栋大棚的空气温湿度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤含水量、光照强度的实时监测以及设施控制,为农业信息技术开发人员提供了一种新的技术解决方案。     

六堡茶种质资源调查初报

通过对六堡茶种质资源进行调查,发现六堡茶品种资源在苍梧全县、藤县金鸡镇、岑溪市南渡镇等地均有分布,以苍梧县六堡镇、狮寨镇为主要分布地。这些茶原料的水浸出物含量为46.6%~56.4%,茶多酚含量为32.2%~49.7%,氨基酸含量为2.7%~5.2%,咖啡碱含量为2.7%~6.6%,儿茶素含量为17.5%~24.6%,适制六堡茶和红茶。