基于结构洞指数的网络节点重要度评估

运用双阶差分模型探究了并购与新建投资模式下公司避税效应的非对称性，并进一步从事后的视角探究该非对称性是否是影响企业投资模式选择的显著影响因素。研究发现：相比于新建投资，并购增加了收购方会计利润应税所得差异，且实质性地降低了其所得税实际有效税率，这表明不同投资模式下公司避税效应存在理论预期的非对称性。进一步研究发现，改变企业会计利润应税所得差异以及会计利润应税所得操纵程度是影响企业投资模式选择的重要因素。从事后的视角来看，企业很可能为了获取更大程度的公司避税效应而选择并购行为。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌GB58对水稻纹枯病的防效及菌剂载体筛选

旨在对解淀粉芽孢杆菌GB58在水稻纹枯病上的盆栽防治效果和最佳菌剂载体进行研究，明确其应用前景。采用盆栽试验测定GB58对水稻纹枯病的病斑高率和在水稻上的定殖能力，测定GB58在菌剂固定载体的吸附能力和吸附稳定性。盆栽试验结果表明，GB58在水稻病株上有良好的定殖效果，定殖数最大达到2.22×10⁷ cfu/g。与喷施井冈霉素处理相比，GB58对水稻纹枯病的防效在病害发生后20、40天分别显著提高了20%、24%。GB58在固体菌剂吸附载体的研究表明：结合菌体吸附量、存活率和抑菌活性进行分析，有机载体吸附效果好于无机载体；同时综合考虑应用价值，选择玉米粉、有机肥为菌剂吸附载体较好。GB58对水稻纹枯病具有较好的生防效果。采用玉米粉和有机肥作为固体菌剂吸附载体，具有经济、高效的特点，有较大的应用价值与开发潜力。     

土壤中根皮苷和根皮素对桃幼苗的影响

以一年生桃嫁接苗为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了苹果园土壤中特征酚酸类物质——根皮苷和根皮素对桃苗生物量、根系活力、根系保护性酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,根皮苷对桃幼苗的伤害显著,与对照相比,鲜质量、干质量分别降低了16.66%和21.58%,根系活力降低了33.04%,SOD、POD活性分别降低了40.80%和31.10%,MDA含量提高了116.34%。根皮素对桃苗的影响不大。高锰酸钾处理明显缓解了根皮苷对桃苗的伤害,苹果园土壤中的根皮苷含量降低了57.80%,提高了桃苗的生物量、根系活力和保护性酶活性,降低了MDA含量。综上,老龄苹果园土壤实测含量的根皮苷(0.343mg·kg~(-1))可降低桃苗的生物量,适量的高锰酸钾能缓解根皮苷的伤害作用。     

贵州蕨类植物模式标本种的整理研究

经查阅文献,搜集并整理得到模式标本采自贵州的蕨类植物19科、46属、126种.模式产地涉及除六盘水地区外的贵州各地区,黔南地区51种＞安顺地区18种＞贵阳地区17种＞黔西南地区7种、铜仁地区7种、遵义地区7种＞毕节地区4种＞黔东南地区1种,产地不祥的14种.种数较多的科依次是鳞毛蕨科40种＞金星蕨科16种＞蹄盖蕨科15种＞水龙骨科10种.种数较多的属是耳蕨属11种,其次是贯众属10种.生长环境具有多样性,生长种数较多的生境依次是林下生长种类94种＞石上或石隙生长种类62种＞溪沟边生长种类41种＞阴湿环境生长种类30种＞河谷或峡谷生长种类23种.     

不同老化处理对蒲公英种子以及幼苗质量的影响

探讨不同老化处理方式对药用蒲公英种子质量、幼苗形态以及生理生化等方面的影响.结果表明:1)贮藏11个月以上的种子,活力全部丧失;随着老化处理时间的延长,种子发芽率不断降低,但对种子发芽势影响不同;2)甲醇老化处理之后的幼苗长势最佳,高温高湿老化处理的幼苗长势次之,正常发育的幼苗长势最差;3)正常发育的蒲公英幼苗可溶性糖含量最高;随老化时间递增,高温高湿处理的可溶性糖含量逐渐减少,甲醇处理的可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;甲醇老化处理1.5h的幼苗叶绿素总量最高,与其它处理达到显著性差异,随老化时间延长,叶绿素总量均呈上升趋势;甲醇老化处理1.5h幼苗,其过氧化氢酶活性最大,约为正常处理幼苗的10.2倍,随老化时间延长,甲醇处理的过氧化氢酶活性经历了一个骤降又骤增的过程;高温高湿处理的过氧化氢酶活性则逐渐降低.     

Clinical significance of KLF15 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma

AIM: To explore the clinical significance of Krüpple-like factor 15 (KLF15) protein expression in the patients with lung adenocarcinoma for exploring the therapeutic and prognositic biomarkers of lung cancer. METHODS: Four cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and matched adjacent tissues were collected from our hospital, and the expression of KLF15 protein in these tissues was analyzed by Western blot. At the same time, 72 cases of archived paraffin-embedded samples and clinical data of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma were also collected. The KLF15 protein expression in the archived paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between KLF15 protein expression and clinical characteristics of the patients including prognosis were also analyzed. In addition, the KLF15 protein was up-regulated in A549 cells, and then the effects of KLF15 protein on the viability of the cells were measured by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS: The protein expression of KLF15 in the 4 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in matched paracancerous tissues. Fifty-three cases of lung adenocarcinoma specimens showed low expression or no expression of KLF15 protein in total 72 cases (73.6%). The 5-year survival rate of the patients with high expression of KLF15 protein in their specimens was higher than that of the patients with the low expression of KLF15 protein (P<0.01), and the expression of KLF15 protein was significantly correlated with the pathological staging (P<0.01) and T stage (P<0.01) of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the low expression of KLF15 protein was an important poor prognostic indicator of the patients. Up-regulation of KLF15 protein in the A549 cells significantly inhibited the growth of the cells. CONCLUSION: KLF15 inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. It could be used as a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker for the patients with lung adenocarcinoma.     

类器官的研究进展及应用前景

类器官（organoids）来源于自组织和自我更新的干细胞，是利用干细胞的自组织特性进行体外3D培养后形成的细胞团，与来源器官密切相关，再现了来源器官的三维细胞结构，并为探索来源器官的发病机制提供了新的模型。类器官系统是由自分泌、旁分泌或邻分泌信号调节下的细胞，或者外源性添加的细胞外基质（extracellular matrix，ECM）底物、小分子和生长因子等衍生而来，这些因素的相互作用创造了一个动态的环境，指导干细胞的自我更新和分化，以及细胞在类器官中的自我组装。诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSC）重编程方法结合3D类器官工具，使患者来源的类器官作为动物模型和人类临床试验之间的桥梁，是对细胞研究和在体试验的补充。在研究来源器官发育、生物学和病理生理学方面，类器官不仅是一种比传统细胞培养更具生理相关性的体外模型，而且还是再生医学和个性化医学领域中的新模型，有望成为研究营养素、药物、毒物及毒素等的作用机制及药物的筛选、再生医学等领域的重要模型。总之，类器官技术的发展增强了人们对器官和组织生理生化功能的认知。作者对肠、脑、肺脏、肝脏、子宫、卵巢等类器官培养和应用的研究进展进行综述，以期为类器官相关科研及应用提供参考。     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

人工老化对小麦种子活力及醇溶蛋白组成的影响

为揭示种子活力与醇溶蛋白组成变化的关系,以小麦品种百农矮抗58、周麦18、新麦208、郑麦9023和杂交小麦(BNS/05525)为材料,高温(43±1)℃、高湿(95％相对湿度)老化处理0,4,6,9,12,15d和20 d,对老化处理种子的活力及醇溶蛋白组成进行了分析.结果表明,随着老化时间的延长,小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数逐渐降低,老化20 d的小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均降为0,种子活力丧失.在同一老化程度下,杂交小麦种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均高于百农矮抗58、周麦18、新麦208、郑麦9023,说明杂交小麦的抗老化能力较强;电导率在种子老化的0～12 d内变化较小,种子老化到15d时电导率迅速升高;5个小麦品种种子老化20 d后,发芽率从100％下降到0,醇溶蛋白的表达均出现了带型的变化,ω区醇溶蛋白出现了谱带的丢失、新蛋白的增加及蛋白表达量的上升和下降.种子活力丧失与蛋白的丢失、新谱带的产生都是在同一时间(种子老化20 d),说明种子活力的丧失与ω区域醇溶蛋白的消失和新增加的蛋白质有关;种子老化程度的加剧,导致了某些存活能力差的基因型消失,消失的基因可能与种子活力的表达相关.     

基于Lasso和BP神经网络的组合预测及其应用——以居民消费支出预测为例

在变量选择的基础上，构建基于Lasso方法和BP神经网络的预测模型，并对我国城乡居民的消费支出进行预测，结果显示：基于Lasso方法和BP神经网络的组合预测精度要明显高于BP神经网络、Lasso方法的预测精度；在2014~2020年，我国农村居民消费增长率有所提升，城镇居民消费增长率减缓，城乡居民消费增长率之间的差距呈下降趋势，但短期内城乡居民消费差距依然难以缓和。