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31.
Photic induction of mPer1 and mPer2 in cry-deficient mice lacking a biological clock 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Okamura H Miyake S Sumi Y Yamaguchi S Yasui A Muijtjens M Hoeijmakers JH van der Horst GT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5449):2531-2534
Mice lacking mCry1 and mCry2 are behaviorally arrhythmic. As shown here, cyclic expression of the clock genes mPer1 and mPer2 (mammalian Period genes 1 and 2) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues is abolished and mPer1 and mPer2 mRNA levels are constitutively high. These findings indicate that the biological clock is eliminated in the absence of both mCRY1 and mCRY2 (mammalian cryptochromes 1 and 2) and support the idea that mammalian CRY proteins act in the negative limb of the circadian feedback loop. The mCry double-mutant mice retain the ability to have mPer1 and mPer2 expression induced by a brief light stimulus known to phase-shift the biological clock in wild-type animals. Thus, mCRY1 and mCRY2 are dispensable for light-induced phase shifting of the biological clock. 相似文献
32.
Yuma Nihashi Sayaka Shinji Koji Umezawa Takeshi Shimosato Tamao Ono Hiroshi Kagami Tomohide Takaya 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13597
Myoblasts are myogenic precursors that develop into myotubes during muscle formation. Improving efficiency of myoblast differentiation is important for advancing meat production by domestic animals. We recently identified novel oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) termed myogenetic ODNs (myoDNs) that promote the differentiation of mammalian myoblasts. An isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, forms a complex with one of the myoDNs, iSN04, and enhances its activities. This study investigated the effects of myoDNs on chicken myoblasts to elucidate their species-specific actions. Seven myoDNs (iSN01–iSN07) were found to facilitate the differentiation of chicken myoblasts into myosin heavy chain (MHC)-positive myotubes. The iSN04–berberine complex exhibited a higher myogenetic activity than iSN04 alone, which was shown to enhance the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and the upregulation of myogenic gene expression (MyoD, myogenin, MHC, and myomaker). These data indicate that myoDNs promoting chicken myoblast differentiation may be used as potential feed additives in broiler diets. 相似文献
33.
Hamauzu Y Yasui H Inno T Kume C Omanyuda M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):928-934
To evaluate the phenolic extracts of Chinese quince, quince, and apple fruits, their phenolic profiles, antioxidant properties, and anti-influenza viral activities were investigated. Chinese quince had the largest amount of phenolics consisting mainly of high polymeric procyanidins. Quince had considerable amounts of hydroxycinnamic derivatives mainly composed of 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid and polymeric procyanidins. Apple (cv. Fuji) had the lowest amount of phenolics, mainly 5-caffeoylquinic acid and monomeric and oligomeric procyanidins. The antioxidant functions of Chinese quince and quince phenolic extracts were superior to that of chlorogenic acid standard or ascorbic acid evaluated in both the linoleic acid peroxidation system and the DPPH radical scavenging system. However, those extracts were less effective than apple phenolics or (-)-epicatechin in linoleic acid peroxidation system. On the other hand, Chinese quince phenolics showed the strongest anti-influenza viral activity on the hemagglutination inhibition test. 相似文献
34.
Insular ecosystems can be dramatically affected by alien species, and records of pre-eradication status are essential to evaluate
the effects of eradicating alien species. Nishi-jima Island is a small island of the Ogasawara group on which the first program
of complete eradication of alien herbivorous mammals (black rats and feral goats) will be conducted. After eradication, the
government plans to conduct ecosystem restoration on the island. This paper reports the angiosperm flora and vegetation of
Nishi-jima Island before eradication of the rats and goats, with the objective of aiding ecosystem management after the eradication.
Our surveys indicate that vegetation cover by the alien tree, Casuarina equisetifolia has expanded compared with its distribution in a 1974 aerial photograph of the island. The predominant vegetation in 2006
was C. equisetifolia forests and Zoysia tenuifolia grasslands, with fragmented native tree vegetation. The flora of the island comprised 69 angiosperm species (50 indigenous
species) of which 30% were endemic, far less than for the Ogasawara Islands as a whole (45%). However, several populations
of endangered plants remain. To restore the native ecosystem on Nishi-jima, eradication of C. equisetifolia is important in addition to eradication of alien herbivorous mammals. 相似文献
35.
36.
Yoshiro ENDO Takeru TSUCHIYA Takaya OMURA Kenji NAKAI Kenji KOROSUE Mutsuki ISHIMARU Yuhiro ISHIKAWA Seiji HOBO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):75-79
The present study evaluated
the effects of single-dose marbofloxacin in protecting horses against fever associated
with transportation using 48 healthy Thoroughbreds. All horses were premedicated with
interferon-α (0.5 U/kg, sublingually, every 24 hr) for 2 days before transportation and on
the day of transportation. Horses were randomly assigned to receive marbofloxacin (2
mg/kg, IV, once; MRFX group), enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, IV, once; ERFX group) or saline (0.9%
NaCl) solution (10 ml, IV, once; control group) ≤1 hr before being
transportation. Each group contained 16 horses (8 males, 8 females). Horses were
transported 1,210 km using commercial vans over the course of approximately 26 hr.
Clinical examinations and hematologic analyses were performed on all horses both before
and after transportation. Post-transportation neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios were
significantly lower in horses in the MRFX group compared with the control horses. The
serum amyloid A levels were significantly lower in horses in the MRFX group and ERFX group
compared with the control horses. Regarding the post-transportation rectal temperatures,
fever was detected in 0 horses and 1 horse in the MRFX and ERFX groups, respectively,
whereas fevers exceeding 39.1°C were detected in 2 horses in the control group.
Additionally, the number of essential post-transportation treatments provided by
veterinarians was reduced 3-fold in the MRFX and ERFX groups compared with the saline
group. MRFX provided ERFX-like protection against fever associated with long-distance
transportation, yielding significantly better protection than saline. Administration of
MRFX just before transportation deserves a further study for efficacy in preventing horse
fever associated with transportation. 相似文献
37.
Effects of salt stress on plant growth characteristics and mineral content in diverse rice genotypes
Thieu Thi Phong Thu Hideshi Yasui Takeo Yamakawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):264-273
ABSTRACTWhen rice is grown under moderate salinity (6?dS m?1), yields are reduced by up to 50%. The development of salt-tolerant varieties is a key strategy for increasing yields. We conducted an experiment using a hydroponic system with ion components similar to seawater to determine useful parameters for assessing salt tolerance. Two-week-old seedlings were grown for 7 days on Yoshida hydroponic solution. The treatment group then additionally received an artificial seawater solution (electrical conductivity, 12 dS m?1). After a 2-week period of salt stress, standard evaluation scores (SES) of visual salt injuries were assessed. The K, Na, Mg, and Ca contents were then determined in the roots, sheaths, and leaves of each plant. Following the SES results, we divided the 37 genotypes into four groups: salt-tolerant groups (STGs), moderately salt-tolerant groups, salt-sensitive groups (HSSGs), and highly salt-sensitive groups (HSSGs). In the control, STGs had the highest sheath K content (30.1 mg g?1 dried weight [DW]), whereas HSSGs had the lowest (21.4 mg g?1 DW). Sheath K was also highly and negatively correlated with SES. This suggests that sheath K may be useful for identifying salt-tolerant varieties under non-saline conditions. Plant growth was significantly affected under salt stress, but STGs had the smallest decrease in sheath DW. SES was significantly correlated with sheath and leaf Na, sheath K and Mg, and sheath and leaf Na/K and Na/Mg ratios. The results suggested that sheath K, Na/K, and Na/Mg may be useful indicators for genetic analyses of salt-tolerant varieties under salt-stress conditions. The salt-tolerant cultivars, KCR20, KCR124, and KCR136, are possible candidates for such studies because they had high sheath K content (31.19, 31.21, 29.44 mg g?1 DW, respectively) under non-saline conditions and low SES (3.3, 3.6, 3.9, respectively), and low sheath Na/K (0.64, 0.52, 0.92, respectively) and Na/Mg ratios (2.96, 2.27, 3.03, respectively) under salt-stress conditions. 相似文献
38.
Takayasu Moroki Yutaka Yoshikawa Katsuhiko Yoshizawa Airo Tsubura Hiroyuki Yasui 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(3):329-333
Vanadium has potential for use in diabetes therapy. Many investigators have reported toxic effects of inorganic vanadium salts; however, there are few reports on toxic effects of oxovanadium(VO2+) complexes. Therefore, we studied VO2+ toxicity by examining histological changes and measuring the vanadium concentration in the testis after repeated oral administration of bis(1-oxy-2-pyridine-thiolato)oxovanadium(VO2+) (VO(opt)2) for 2 or 4 weeks in KK-Ay mice. Severe mineralization and degeneration/necrosis of the seminiferous tubules were detected after either 2 or 4 weeks of administration. Vacuolar changes in Sertoli cells and the seminiferous epithelia, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in the testes of some animals. Vanadium concentrations in the mineralized testis were much higher than those in the testis of untreated KK-Ay mice. These results represent the first report of the possibility for seminiferous tubules mineralization induced by VO(opt)2 administration. Therefore, our research provides important information about the potentially toxic effects of VO2+ complexes. 相似文献
39.
Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva Taiju Saito Amanda Pereira dos Santos-Silva Raphael da Silva Costa Martin Psenicka George Shigueki Yasui 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1469-1485
This review discusses the new biotechnological tools that are arising and promising for conservation and enhancement of fish production, mainly regarding the endangered and the most economically important species. Two main techniques, in particular, are available to avoid extinction of endangered fish species and to improve the production of commercial species. Germ cell transplantation technology includes a number of approaches that have been studied, such as the transplantation of embryo-to-embryo blastomere, embryo-to-embryo differentiated PGC, larvae to larvae and embryo differentiated PGC, transplantation of spermatogonia from adult to larvae or between adults, and oogonia transplantation. However, the success of germ cell transplantation relies on the prior sterilization of fish, which can be performed at different stages of fish species development by means of several protocols that have been tested in order to achieve the best approach to produce a sterile fish. Among them, fish hybridization and triploidization, germline gene knockdown, hyperthermia, and chemical treatment deserve attention based on important results achieved thus far. This review currently used technologies and knowledge about surrogate technology and fish sterilization, discussing the stronger and the weaker points of each approach. 相似文献
40.
Osamu Kawaguchi Anise Midooka Yuji Iwamoto Takaya Kudoh Yoshisuke Iida Norio Nagao Takuya Matsumoto 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):477-484
We investigated the effect of exposure to low salinity water on plasma ion regulation and survival rates in artificially wounded devil stinger Inimicus japonicus. All fishes survived in 33% seawater (SW), while survival rate in 100% SW was 5.1% at 24 h. In 100% SW, plasma Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ concentrations significantly increased to 238?±?49.9, 9.6?±?2.4, 15.1?±?3.5 and 5.0?±?0.7 mmol/l at 6 h, respectively; the gill Na+/K+–ATPase (NKA) activity was almost stable, although only one fish survived to 24 h. In 33% SW, plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations remained at the same level, and plasma Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations gradually increased to 16.2?±?0.7 and 4.5?±?0.2 mmol/l until 24 h, respectively. The NKA activity significantly increased to 5.1?±?1.1 µmol ADP/mg protein per h at 6 h. A positive correlation was observed between the wound surface area against body weight and the plasma ion concentrations, although no difference was observed in the restoration rate of the wounded area between 100 and 33% SW. These results indicate that exposure of wounded fish to low salinity water improves survivability by favoring plasma ion regulation without influencing the restoration rate. 相似文献