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51.
N. Ranjit Kumar Ram Prakash Raman Sanjay B. Jadhao Rajive Kumar Brahmchari Kundan Kumar Gyanaranjan Dash 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):387-403
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis on the gut microbiota, growth and immune response in Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles (4.0 ± 0.02 g). Five isocaloric experimental diets supplemented with different concentrations of B. licheniformis, viz. Control (without probiotic supplementation), T1 (1.0 × 106 cfu g?1feed), T2 (1.0 × 107 cfu g?1feed), T3 (1.0 × 108 cfu g?1 feed) and T4 (1.0 × 109 cfu g?1 feed) were used for the experiment. After 60 days of feeding trial, the growth performance increases significantly in all the experimental groups compared with control, and highest weight gain, specific growth rate and lowest feed conversion ratio were recorded from T4 (P > 0.05). However, juvenile survival was not found to be significantly affected by probiotic supplementation (P > 0.05). The total bacterial count and Bacillus spp. count in the gut were significantly increased with concurrent decrease in pathogenic Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in all the experimental groups compared with control (P < 0.05). Compared with control, immune parameters were increased significantly in all the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Highest haemocyte count, phenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and antibacterial activity in haemolymph were recorded from T4 (P < 0.05). When prawns were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, the cumulative mortality was significantly lower in T4 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis can manipulate the gut microbiota and increase the growth and immune response of M. rosenbergii. In the present study, concentration response on the probiotic effect of B. licheniformis was observed which showed higher effects at a concentration of 1.0 × 109 cfu g?1 feed in the laboratory condition. 相似文献
52.
53.
Vrinda Ramakrishnan Bijinu Balakrishnan Amit Kumar Rai Bhaskar Narayan Prakash M Halami 《International Aquatic Research》2012,4(1):1-14
Enterococci are widely distributed in the environment ranging from foods to humans and are gaining industrial importance due to their technological traits. In the present study, enterococci (Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363 (EF-63) and Enterococcus durans NCIM5427 (ED-27)) which are native to fish processing waste with an ability to produce lipase, protease and enterocin concomitantly were characterised. Lipase assay was performed by titrimetry and protease activity and was estimated using haemoglobin and casein as substrates in the presence of buffers at acidic, basic and neutral pH. Furthermore, enterocin produced by the isolates was characterised. Enterocin was also checked for its stability at different pH, temperature and proteolytic enzymes. Lipase production was found to be 22 and 10 U/ml in the absence of tributryin and increased to 40 and 24 U/ml in its presence for EF-63 and ED-27, respectively, indicating that the lipase produced is substrate dependent. Protease production was confirmed by protease assay, and the protease produced showed more affinity towards the acidic substrate. Enterocin produced was stable at low pH (2 to 3) and high temperature (121°C, 15 min) and had a molecular weight of approximately 6 kDa. It exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens. Proteinase K inactivated enterocin completely, whereas trypsin did not. Novelty of this work lies in the immense industrial importance these cultures hold as they are capable of producing lipase, protease and enterocin apart from being useful in recovering proteins and lipids from fish processing wastes. 相似文献
54.
Effect of brewer’s yeast on immune response of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its resistance to white muscle disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prakash V. Parmar H. Shivanada Murthy C. S. Tejpal B. T. Naveen Kumar 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(5):951-964
The present study was conducted to find the effect of dietary brewer’s yeast on growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to white muscle disease in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The brewer’s yeast was supplemented at graded levels 0, 5, 10, and 20?g per kg diet, and the experiment was conducted for 75?days. After the feeding trials, growth, survival, immune parameters like prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, and total hemocyte count were assessed. The growth, specific growth rate, and survival were not found significantly different among the treatment and control groups “prophenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst” were found significantly different (p?<?0.05) among the treatment and control groups. The total hemocyte count was significantly different (p?<?0.05) among control and treatment groups. Cumulative percent survival was higher in M rosenbergii fed 1?% brewer’s yeast-supplemented diet when they were challenged with white muscle disease virus (MrNV (Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus) and XSV (extra small virus)). The present work revealed that the incorporation of brewer’s yeast in the diet is effective in enhancing immune response and controlling the white muscle disease in M rosenbergii. 相似文献
55.
Cold arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India bordering with Pakistan and China is one of most elevated inhabited regions of the world. This region is highly vulnerable to climate change and serious environmental threats resulting in reduction in crop productivity due to risk of agricultural pest and plant pathogens. The present work describes the various diseases attacking barley from this region where the status of barley diseases has not yet been explored. Extensive field surveys were conducted for the first time during 2004-2005 and 475 fields were inspected at the 95 locations. Yellow rust, powdery mildew, leaf spot blotch/blight, covered smut, loose smut, foot/root rot and cereal cyst nematode causing molya disease were encountered during the survey. However, yellow rust, molya and foot/root rot were found as the most destructive diseases. Excellent hotspots of the encountered diseases were identified and marked which may be used for the screening of barley genotypes and determining the impact of climate change on plant diseases. 相似文献
56.
Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi) extract on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila 下载免费PDF全文
A 60 days study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of water extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against the Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Ocimum sanctum extract was incorporated in the diets (at 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1%) of Labeo rohita, rohu fingerlings (6.6 ± 0.013 g). After 42 days blood, plasma and serum were sampled to determine super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, blood glucose, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila after 42 days and mortalities were recorded over 18 days post infection. The results demonstrate enhanced super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, serum total protein, globulin, total RBC counts, total WBC counts and haemoglobin content (P < 0.05) in treatments group compared with control group. Dietary O. sanctum extracts of 0.2% showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher protection relative percentage survival (RPS 40.00 ± 5.773%) against A. hydrophila infection than control. These results indicate that O. sanctum leaf extract stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to bacterial infection (A. hydrophila). 相似文献
57.
Archana Suyal Prakash Chandra Srivastava 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(14):1750-1760
A study was undertaken to investigate the remedial effect of some soil amendments (farmyard manure (FYM), press mud compost (PMC), cereal straw (CS) at 5 t ha?1 and fresh cow dung slurry (FCD) @ 0.5 t ha?1) on dissipation kinetics of imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron under laboratory conditions. Incorporation of CS or FCD was found to be most effective in degrading both the pesticides at faster rates. Dissipation of both the pesticides could be well accounted by two component (1 + 1) first order kinetics. The computed values of parameters revealed that use of organic amendments increased the dissipated fraction of imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron. Incorporation of CS or FCD in soil maintained relatively higher dissipation rate constants for both faster and slower dissipation processes of pesticides in comparison to control. Hence, eco-friendly practices of CS or FCD incorporation as soil amendment in soil can play a vital role in preventing soil and water pollution. 相似文献
58.
P. K. Basavaraja N. D. Yogendra S. T. Zodape Ravi Prakash Arup Ghosh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(14):1851-1861
Seaweeds are important marine renewable resources. Use of seaweeds as fertilizers has allowed for substitution in place of conventional synthetic fertilizers. This study was conducted to examine the effect of seaweed liquid extract (SLE) on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by hybrid maize. The experiments were conducted in ZARS, Vishweshwaraiah Canal farm, Mandya (Karnataka, India) during the rabi season of 2011–2013 to study the effect of foliar applications of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K sap) and Gracilaria edulis (G sap) sap on growth and yield response of hybrid maize “NAH 1137”. Three foliar sprays of both saps were applied at the rate of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, and 15.0% (v/v) along with water spray as a control at different stages of the crop. It was found that grain yield increased significantly by 18.54% and 26.04% for plants receiving 10% concentrations of both K. alvarezii and G. edulis sap respectively, over control. The increase in yield was attributed to increase in the number of rows in cob, cob length, and 100 grain weight. This investigation concludes that application of both the saps at 10% increased the nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield over control. 相似文献
59.
D. V. Ramana Reddy T. Ram Prakash A. Srinivas P. Naga Sravani V. Visha Kumari 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(7):778-791
Experiments were conducted to test the superiority of treatment combinations of nitrogen (N; 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha?1), phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha?1) and potassium (0, 30, 60 kg ha?1) for finger millet during 2005–2007. Application of 200-90-60 kg ha?1 gave maximum yield of 1666, 1426 and 1640 kg ha?1 in 3 years, respectively. The yield regression model through soil and fertilizer nutrients gave predictability of 0.98, 0.97 and 0.98, with sustainability yield index (SYI) of 50.4, 49.4 and 52.5 in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Optimum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) doses for attaining yields of 800 and 1200 kg ha?1 were derived at soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 75–400, 10–70 and 150–750 kg ha?1. Fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ranged from 30–128, 3–19, 13–25 kg ha?1 and 105–203, 4–32, 27–39 kg ha?1 for attaining 800 and 1200 kg ha?1 yield, respectively. The doses could be adopted for attaining sustainable yields under semiarid Alfisols. 相似文献
60.
Gowane G. R. Akram Najif Prince L. L. L. Prakash Ved Kumar Arun 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):867-873
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Enterotoxaemia (ET) is a fatal enteric disease of small ruminants attributable to a toxigenic type of Clostridium perfringens. The key strategy for... 相似文献