Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

浅圆仓充氮气调技术实仓应用探究

通过对浅圆仓采用不同方法进行充氮试验,探索最佳的浅圆仓充氮气调储粮工艺。试验结果表明,采用上充下排方式,先以设备允许的最大流量(流量165m~3/h,浓度95%)充入氮气,当仓内氮气浓度接近95%时,再逐步提高设备氮气浓度至99%(流量90m~3/h),此工艺相较其他方法充氮速率略高,能耗相对略低,仓内氮气分布均匀。     

Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p \ 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.     

不同植物生长调节剂对金荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以不同浓度的GA3、6-BA和IAA浸种24 h,通过比较浸种后种子萌发以及幼苗生长各项指标来研究植物生长调节剂浸种对金荞麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在本试验处理浓度范围内,150 mg/L的GA3浸种后种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均鲜重、平均株高、平均根长、叶绿素含量、POD活力分别提高37.7％、39.6％、68.3％、75.6％、17.7％、20.5％、18.7％、68％.而用0.1 mg/L 6-BA和25 mg/L IAA浸种后各项指标与对照相比均显著增加.3种植物生长调节剂综合比较表明,150 mg/L的GA3对金荞麦种子萌发和幼苗生长作用效果最为理想.     

浅议通过标签内容查找农药隐性成分

本文针对农药隐性成分危害大和监管难等问题,剖析了企业主要动机,以农药标签为对象,研究建立了一种查找"问题"农药、锁定农药隐性成分的方法。该方法具有成本低、易于普及、克服检测仪器谱库不足、发挥基层各方力量进行监管等优点。与检测技术结合使用,可以弥补各方不足,更好地发挥监管作用。     

赣中地区棉花荷兰豆套种及轻简栽培技术

本文介绍了江西赣中地区棉花与荷兰豆套作模式及轻简栽培模式,并介绍该模式下棉花、荷兰豆的轻简栽培技术,包括选择配套栽培的优质良种、田块选择、科学肥水管理、棉花化学调控、病虫草害绿色防控等方面内容.棉花荷兰豆套种经济效益比棉花单作提高59.5％、比荷兰豆单作提高2.84％,棉花荷兰豆套种模式投入减少,提高棉农的经济效益.以供江西省棉花与荷兰豆两熟制种植区参考.     

辽西北沙地苹果-花生间作系统土壤养分空间分布特征及间作效应

[目的] 研究辽西北沙地农林复合系统土壤养分的空间分布及其效应，从土壤养分角度探讨果农间作系统中果树和农作物对土壤养分的相互作用关系，为该区农林复合系统的可持续经营提供科学合理的依据。[方法] 以苹果与花生间作、花生单作、苹果单作为研究对象，对0-60 cm土层深度，0-300 cm水平距离范围内土壤养分含量进行测定和分析。[结果] 沙地间作系统中土壤有机质、速效钾极缺乏，全氮、碱解氮很缺乏，全磷缺乏，有效磷含量中等；间作系统在水平方向上，苹果树和花生植株对总养分有机质、氮、磷的竞争激烈位点位于果树带区，对有效养分氮、磷、钾的竞争激烈位点位于近果树作物区；在垂直方向上，各养分总体表现出了表聚性，间作系统对有机质、有效磷的竞争主要位于深土层，对全磷、速效钾的竞争主要位于表土层，对全氮、碱解氮表现为合作效应，表土层效应更高；与苹果单作、花生单作相比较，间作系统速效钾和有效磷含量呈现负效应。[结论] 沙地苹果-花生间作系统土壤养分贫瘠，应在果树带区施用有机肥、磷肥，作物区施入钾肥，以减轻养分竞争，提高养分效应。     

不同品种和地区对稻米镉含量与品质的耦合影响

为了研究不同水稻品种在不同种植地区的稻米镉含量及其与品质的关系,以分别种植在湖南长沙和广东惠州的‘齐丰占’、‘湘直粳’、‘玉香油占’等46个不同遗传背景的水稻品种(系)为研究对象,采用原子吸光光谱法测定稻米镉含量和FOSS全自动流动注射仪测定米质各性状指标。结果表明:(1)不同基因型水稻品种的镉积累存在极显著水平的品种间差异,在长沙地区种植稻米平均镉含量大约是惠州地区的两倍。(2)不同水稻品种(系)在惠州地区种植的稻米品质明显优于长沙地区。(3)不同水稻品种(系)在长沙地区种植的精米镉含量与胶稠度、蛋白质含量间具显著相关性;而在惠州地区主要与糙米率、精米率呈显著水平的负相关;与其他米质性状的相关性均未达显著水平。惠州地区稻田环境更利于种植水稻,‘湘晚12选32’、‘湘晚籼12号’、‘湘晚6选31’等为低镉积累品种,可推广;‘佳福占’、‘9311选’、‘R云育90’等镉含量已超过国标,不可作为生产推广品种。