SDS-PAGE和PCR检测1B/1R易位系研究初报

采用18个冬小麦品种作为供试材料,分别通过SDS-PAGE检测黑麦Secalin蛋白和PCR检测黑麦1RS染色体或其片段,结果表明:SDS-PAGE检测不出不带有secalin蛋白的1B/1R小片段易位系,而PCR则能检测出,从而提高1B/1R易位系的检出率;SDS-PAGE和PCR结合是检测1B/1R易位系的一种快速经济的有效方法。     

Development of Chinese Near-isogenic Line of Rice and Their Differentiating Ability of Pathogenic Races of Blast Fungus

The rice( Oryza L. ) variety, Lijiangxintuanheigu(LTH), is a universally susceptible variety. A set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice which has single resistance gene for each line was developed by use of LTH as recurrent parent and Kusabue,Tsuyuake, K1, PiNo. 4, K60 and BL1, which are from Kiyosawa‘s differential varieties(KDV), as donor parents. Differentiating ability of these NILs to Philippine isolates was compared with that of their donor parents, KDV and IRRI‘ s NILs. The results of comparative studies were as follows: (1) Differentiating ability of Chinese NILs to Philippine isolates was much stronger than that of their donor parents and that of KDV. (2) Chinese NILs had similar ability to differentiate races to IRRI‘s NILs or higher differentiating ability than them. But IRRI‘s NILs almost had no differentiating ability to isolates from japonica rice-growing regions. They can not be used to differentiate races of isolates from japonica ricegrowing regions. Whereas, Chinese NILs can be used to differentiate races of isolates from both japonica ricegrowing regions and indica rice-growing regions. It was concluded that the set of Chinese NILs can be used as international differentials.     

Utilization of Aromatic Rice in Improving Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice

ThesuccessfuldevelopmentandcommercialuseofhybridricehasgreatlyraisedriceyieldlevelinChina .However ,ithasbeenagreatchallengeforbreederstoim provethegrainqualityofhybridricewithoutsacrificeofitsyield ,i.e .,todevelophybridricecombinationswithgoodgrainqualityaswellashighyield .AromaticricelikeBasmatiinIndiaandPakistanandJasmineinThailand ,isfamousforitshighqualityandu niquepleasantflavorofaroma ,soitishighlyfavoredbyriceconsumersaroundtheworld .Itmightbeaneffectiveapproachtoimprovethegrainqual…     

福建省稻瘟病菌生理小种研究(续报)

应用我国7个鉴别品种,鉴定了1980～1981年由我省7个地区37个县(市)采集分离的387个有效单孢菌株,区分为7群29个小种,其中ZB群为优势小种群,ZB_(15)为优势小种。 1975～1978年福建省稻瘟病菌生理小种区系组成相似,至1981年便发生了变化。但主要小种类型并无什么变化,而是小种组成比和地理分布范围的变更。其特点是侵染我省大面积栽培的珍尢系统品种的ZB群小种迅速增加,地理分布范围扩大。至1981年全省7个地区均以ZB群为优势小种群,ZB_(15)上升为优势小种,取代了过去致病力弱的优势小种ZG_1。文中还对稻瘟病菌的变异和稳定性作了讨论。关键词:稻瘟病菌;生理小种;中国鉴别品种;珍龙系统品种实践证明,利用抗病品种是防治稻瘟病的一项经济有效的措施,但品种抗性与稻瘟病菌的变异、小种区系组成的变化密切相关。因此,稻瘟病菌生理小种区系组成的变化及其消长规律的研究,是抗瘟育种品种布局和品种坑性变化预测的重要基础工作。在1973～1978年对我省稻瘟病菌生理小种研究的基础上,本文报导了1980～1981年福建稻瘟病菌生理小种的鉴定和1978、1981年小种区系组成的变化情况。     

西瓜核型雄性不育两用系POD同工酶研究

用PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶)电泳技术,研究了西瓜核型雄性不育两用系不同器官的POD(过氧化物酶)同工酶酶谱差异。试验结果表明,不育株与可育株主要差异在雄花蕾,表现为不育株较可育株多2条活性强的酶带;其他器官差异小,仅表现为酶谱带强弱不同。并对POD同工酶与雄性不育性的相关性进行了研究。     

Inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex on subcutaneous implanted tumors in nude mice()

AIM: In order to evaluate the applicable value of LDL as a targeted vehicle for chemotherapeutic agents, we investigated and compared the inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex and free ACM on nude mice's subcutaneous implanted tumors derived from gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-7901 and NKM-45. METHODS: LDL-ACM complex was prepared and the tumor model of nude mice was established by subcutaneous implantation of SGC-7901 and NKM-45. Then, the groups of nude mice developed subcutaneous implanted tumors were received either LDL-ACM complex or free ACM. Subsequently, the tumor size, weight and leukemia cell counts were measured and the rates of tumor-inhibition and the survival were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex on the tumors, especially on SGC-7901 implanted tumors were much more obvious than that of free ACM. It was also indicated that the action of LDL-ACM complex was mediated by LDL receptor. CONCLUSION: These results showed that LDL-ACM complex had significant inhibitory effects on the implanted tumors and the effect might be mediated by LDL receptor.     

Identification of a major gene (Mex-1) from Coffea canephora conferring resistance to Meloidogyne exigua in Coffea arabica

Among the most damaging root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne exigua is especially common in Latin America and constitutes a major agronomic constraint in all major coffee-growing ( Coffea arabica ) areas. Growing nematode-resistant coffee represents the most promising option for control of the pest. The present study aimed to determine the mode of inheritance of the M. exigua resistance transferred into C. arabica from a related species, Coffea canephora , and to identify associated molecular markers. Segregation data analysis of F ₂ progeny derived from a cross between the resistant introgression line T5296 and the susceptible accession Et6 showed that the resistance to M. exigua is controlled by a simply inherited major gene (designated the Mex -1 locus). The gall index distribution exhibited by the F ₂ individuals suggested incomplete dominant expression. Fourteen AFLP markers were found associated with the resistance to M. exigua and a localized genetic map of the chromosome segment carrying Mex -1 was constructed. Furthermore, the association of the identified AFLP markers with Mex -1 was confirmed by analysis of a set of genotypes involving 28 introgression Arabica lines either resistant or susceptible to M. exigua in field conditions. These results represent an important starting point to enhance backcross breeding programmes and to perform an early selection of resistant seedlings.     

黄瓜单体异附加系的筛选与观察

 将甜瓜属异源三倍体与栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’杂交，经胚胎拯救获得了两个2n=15 (14C+1H)的单体异附加系，编号分别为02—17和02—39。02一l7植株叶形为戟形，02—39为深陷的掌状形，并且果刺均为白色，不同于异源三倍体的掌状心脏形和黑刺，果形比异源三倍体黄瓜长而更接近普通黄瓜。细胞学研究发现，单体异附加系在终变期和中期I染色体构型主要是由7个二价体和1个单价体构成，出现三价体的频率为4％ ～5％ ，中期Ⅱ不均等分裂形成不同的两极，一极染色体为8条，另一极为7条。RAPD分析证明它们分刖附加了野生种Cucum／s hystrix的染色体。     

以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育进展

自1988年起,系统开展了以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育及其基础性研究。采用回交法和系谱法相结合的转育方法,以春性品种Taichung29为轮回亲本作母本,分别与25个抗性供体即中国小麦条锈病菌鉴别寄主和国际上重要的抗条锈基因载体品种杂交、回交和自交。通过基因推导分析、单体分析和SSR标记技术检测目的基因,选育抗条锈近等基因系,现已获得重要进展,成功选育出8个以Taichung29为背景的抗条锈病单基因近等基因系,即Taichung29*6／Yr1、Taichung29*6／Yr2、Taichung29*6／Yr5、Taichung29*6／Yr7、Taichung29*6/Yr9、Taichung29*6／Yr10、Taichung29*6/YrSpP、Taichung29*6/YrKy2。另有9个组合转育获得343个抗性稳定株系,正检测其目的基因,3个组合转至BC₆F₃,自交纯合筛选抗性稳定株系,5个组合转至BC₅,继续回交转育。     

Genetic diversity and historic introgression in German Angler and Red Dual Purpose cattle and possibilities to reverse introgression

Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints.