3种固沙材料与风沙土复配后土壤改良效应及其质量评价

揭示风沙土复配其他固沙材料后的土壤质量变化及改良效应对研发防沙固沙新材料具有重要的指导意义。以乌兰布和沙漠风沙土为对照(CK),采用粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、牛粪3种固沙材料按干质量比15%,25%与风沙土进行复配,研究了不同材料与配比复配土壤对机械组成、养分含量、金属含量的改良效应,运用最小数据集构建、隶属度计算与土壤质量指数计算等方法评价了复配土壤质量。结果表明:(1)不同复配土壤的机械组成均发生了改变,粉粒、粗砂等难蚀、较难蚀颗粒体积分数增加,易蚀的细砂体积分数降低。(2)除石膏复配土壤各养分指标与CK相近外,其余复配土壤有机碳含量较对照提高1.2～10.4倍,牛粪复配土壤在提高养分含量方面显著高于其他材料; 以牛粪和石膏为材料的复配土则分别增加或降低了沙土中的金属含量,而粉煤灰复配土的Cr,As较CK下降。(3)不同复配土对土壤理化性质作用影响各异,粉煤灰在粒径改良方面较优,牛粪在养分提升方面效果显著,石膏在重金属含量降低方面作用明显,粉煤灰石膏混合复配则综合了二者的优势。(4)3种固沙材料均在不同程度上提高了复配土壤的质量,但复配土壤质量仍处于较低水平。综上,不同复配比例组合中,15%粉煤灰复配土壤质量得分指数最高为0.545,对风沙土的改良效果最好,其次为15%脱硫石膏(0.537),15%牛粪(0.506)和25%粉煤灰与脱硫石膏(0.484)复配组合。     

The Coupling Mechanism Study of Aluminate Coupling Agent on the Surface of Flyash Microspheres

The monolayer model about aluminate coupling agent on the surface of flysah microsphares is proposed. The chemincal coupling mechanism on the boundary of aluminate coupling agent with flyash microspheres is verified by the methods of IR and EMS analyses.     

A Study on Desulphogypsum Flyash Blocks

A new type of wall materials, a block from desulphogypsum and flyash is prepared with desulph-ogypsum and flyash as solid wastes from power stations.This block presents excellent properties which can meet the requirements for non-loadbearing wall.lts binder proportion,production process,properties and economic benifits are studied and analyzed in thise paper.     

Experimental study on eccentric compression behaviour of autoclaved flyash lime brick masonry

To study the eccentric compression performance of autoclaved flyash lime brick masonry, and validate the applicability of current code’s calculation method, static tests on 36 eccentrically loaded puncheons of standard autoclaved flyash lime solid brick and KP1 type perforated brick with circular holes masonry are carried out by applying eccentric load on the top of the specimens. The bearing capacity of eccentric compression is analyzed using plane section assumption and ideal stress/strain curve. The features and shapes during the process of failure are obtained and the eccentric compression impact factor formula is also obtained by regression analysis of experimental data. With eccentricity increasing, cracking load and failure load are gradually decreased, and the failure features gradually change into large eccentric compression from axial compression. Most test values of bearing capacity under eccentric compression are higher than code calculating values. The average strain distribution in the section is in accordance with the plane section assumption. The theoretical analysis method used is feasible, current code’s formula can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of flyash lime brick masonry under eccentric compression.     

Carbonation Resistance of High_addition Flyash Concrete

In order to improve carbonation resistance of high_addition flyash concrete,the grinding of flyash and additon of hydrated_lime in flyash concrete have been studied.It is shown that it is possible to improve the carbonation resistance of high_addition flyash concrete by using these methods without reducing its strength.     

二灰碎石基层平整度控制

为提高二灰碎石基层平整度。在组成设计,拌和,摊铺,碾压等过程中,对影响二灰碎石基层平整度的因素进行了分析研究。结果表明：碎石级配不良,拌和时间短,含水量不准确,“硬方”接茬及压实机械操作不规范等是造成二灰碎石基层平整度较差的主要因素。改进施工措施,如加强拌和站及交通管理,提高施工员素质、改变施工工艺,并采取小段成型及松方接茬施工方法,可使二灰碎石基层平整度得到有效控制,平整度偏差符合规定要求。     

粉煤灰和猪粪好氧混合堆肥过程中铜锌化学形态的变化

以猪粪为堆肥原材料,以玉米秸秆粉为调理剂,并添加干质量比为0％、2.5％、5.0％、7.5％和10％的粉煤灰进行90d好氧堆肥,研究了不同用量粉煤灰对猪粪堆肥过程中Cu、Zn总量、有效态含量、化学形态和雪里蕻种子发芽的影响.结果表明:随着堆肥时间的延长,堆体Cu和Zn总量的浓度水平逐渐增加,但DTPA提取态Cu和Zn在其总量浓度水平中所占的比例则逐渐降低,且以添加5％粉煤灰最为明显.Sposito法形态分析显示,堆体中Cu的各种形态比例为Cu-NaOH＞ Cu-HNO3＞ Cu-EDTA＞ Cu-Residue＞ Cu-KNO3＞ Cu-H2O,Zn各种形态比例为Zn-HNO3＞ Zn-EDTA＞ Zn-NaOH＞ Zn-Residue＞ Zn-KNO3＞ Zn-H2O,随着堆肥时间的延长,Cu-KNO3、Cu-H2O、Zn-KNO3和Zn-H2O在总量中所占的比例则逐渐降低,但Cu和Zn的不同形态所占比例在不同处理之间差异不大.雪里蕻种子萌发指数表明,增加粉煤灰用量会对雪里蕻种子萌发产生抑制,尤其是当粉煤灰用量超过5％时更是如此.研究认为,虽然猪粪和粉煤灰好氧混堆可以降低Cu、Zn的生物有效性,但考虑到粉煤灰对雪里蕻种子萌发产生抑制,添加5％粉煤灰是较合适的添加比例.     

粉煤灰用作复合肥填料配制技术的研究

当前复合肥生产普遍利用凹凸棒土作填料，利用这种粘土矿物需要开采并磨成细粉。试验证明凹凸棒土可被粉煤灰代替，适当添加不会影响复合肥的质量，对降低肥料成本有利，很值得推广。     

粉煤灰在水泥混凝土中的应用

通过介绍在水泥混凝土中掺入一定数量的粉煤灰,并选用适当的配合比,进而能够有效的改善混凝土的使用性能,减少水泥用量,降低工程造价。     

Thermodynamics analysis on the carbochlorination of flyash

Because of the high altitude of Qinghai, its air pressure is 0.77 atm which is lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, an analysis is done for carbochlorination reaction of flyash for the extraction of aluminum in such an environment. The phase diagrams and predominance area diagram on chlorides are calculated and drawn and the equilibrium compositions of complex system composed of multi-components are simulated by Factsage software. Results show that, carbochlorination reaction converts Al2O3 and SiO2 which can not directly react with chlorine gas originally to chloride completely, and this demonstrates the thermodynamics feasibility of carbochlorination process. The ratio of FeCl3(Fe2Cl6) to FeCl2 changes with the amount of carbon and chlorine gas. The catalysts like Na2CO3, CaCO3 and B2O3 have some side effects in the aspect of thermodynamics such as consuming chlorine gas and carbon. The volatility of AlCl3(Al2Cl6) is affected by other chlorides. Compared with the normal pressure region, there are advantages and disadvantages to carbochlorination reaction under the pressure below the normal. The work provides thermodynamic data for the process.