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Mapping soil organic carbon (SOC) and establishing any change over time are important because of CO2 fluxes between soil and atmosphere and cropland decreases in SOC. The latter is one of the main causes of soil fertility decline and increased erodibility. As most analytical methods underestimate total SOC content, correction factors are needed to avoid methodological bias when comparing SOC data from sampling campaigns using different analytical procedures. The traditional method for SOC analysis used to be, and in most cases still is wet oxidation in potassium dichromate, better known as the Walkley & Black method. In this study, we aim to estimate correction factors for the classic and modified version of the Walkley & Black method for different land use and soil type combinations for agricultural soils in north Belgium. General correction factors of 1.47 for the classic Walkley & Black method and 1.20 for the modified Walkley & Black method are proposed. The results show that sandy grassland soils are characterised by lower recoveries than silt loam grassland soils. Furthermore, the correction factor appears to increase with soil wetness. 相似文献
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针对串联式混合动力汽车特点,提出了恒SOC模糊逻辑控制策略。一方面,模糊逻辑控制器根据路况功率需求和蓄电池SOC,分配发动机给定功率,实现恒SOC控制;另一方面,将发动机的工作点控制在发动机最小燃油消耗的高效率区间内,使发动机具有较好的燃油经济性。实例仿真结果表明,恒SOC模糊逻辑控制具有较好的鲁棒性,能在不同的循环工况下实现恒SOC控制,且具有较好的燃油经济性。 相似文献
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[目的]对玛纳斯河流域不同恢复模式下盐渍化弃耕地土壤有机碳及团聚体稳定性的变化特征进行分析.[方法]以玛纳斯河流域为背景,选取典型的重度盐渍化弃耕地为试验区.随着弃耕地变成棉田年限的增加,土壤有机碳(SOC)含量增加,开垦2、5和10年的土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和易氧化有机碳(LOC)的含量以及土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)和土壤热水溶性有机碳(HWSOC)的含量较弃耕地高.连续人工开垦后SOC和大团聚体(>1 mm)含量增加,土壤团聚体稳定性增强,其中开垦10年0~5、5~10 cm土层>1mm团聚体分别占56.9%和56.7%,团粒指数下降至43.9%.[结论]水稳性团聚体的含量与SOC和土壤HWSOC达到0.05水平显著正相关.玛纳斯河流域盐渍化弃耕地新垦土地对绿洲农田土壤HWSOC对维持土壤团聚体稳定性的贡献明显. 相似文献
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基于NIR及PLS-PCR-SVR预测森林土壤有机碳含量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
森林土壤有机碳含量是表征林地土壤营养状况的重要指标,该文建立了土壤有机碳含量的近红外光谱定标模型,并比较了偏最小二乘法(PLS)、支持向量机回归(SVR)、主成分回归(PCR)3种建模方法及Savitzky-Golay平滑+多元散射校正、Savitzky-Golay平滑+一阶导数、Savitzky-Golay平滑+二阶导数、Savitzky-Golay平滑+多元散射校正+一阶导数、Savitzky-Golay平滑+多元散射校正+二阶导数5种光谱预处理方法对土壤有机碳含量定标模型精度的影响,同时进行了波段优选。结果表明:当光谱区域为1 380~1 450 nm,1 800~1 950 nm,2 050~2 300 nm,光谱数据采用Savitzky-Golay平滑+多元散射校正+一阶导数预处理,采用PLS的建模方法,主成分数为8时,建立的校正模型预测效果最佳。校正模型的R、RMSE、SEC分别为0.805 2、0.512 2、0.512 5;预测模型的R、RMSE、SEP分别为0.768 1、0.514 3、0.514 6。因此,利用近红外光谱技术可以实现土壤有机碳含量的快速估测,为林区实时、大面积、快速测定森林土壤有机碳含量提供了技术可行性。 相似文献
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大尺度散体组构分维和SOC判据研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了15组散粒体自组织临界性与粒径的非均匀性有关的真实沙堆模型,分析了实验表现出来的3种动力学行为:即准周期分布、正态分布和负幂律分布;进而研究了非均匀系数不能描述系统组构的自相似性和作为自组织临界性的判据。应用分形理论研究了沙堆组构的分形特征。研究结果表明,非均匀系数为1.53~5.0时,沙堆组构具有良好的分形特征,分维数在非均匀系数<2.85时增长较快,>2.85时增长较慢,但分维数不超过3.0。分析了沙堆组构的分形特征与自组织临界性的内在联系,指出呈现出自组织临界性的系统具有稳健的分形结构,并讨论了自组织临界性的判据。最后探讨了SOC理论在山地灾害预测预报和防治工程设计中的应用。 相似文献
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There are a number of uncertainties in the use of 137Cs as a marker for deriving soil erosion rates. However, this should not limit other potential uses of this anthropogenic radionuclide in the study of soil landscape processes. This study outlines a sampling methodology which aids in the assessment of the history of erosion and depositional processes within a landscape unit. The depth distribution of 137Cs and soil organic carbon (SOC) was utilized as a means of determining the erosion and depositional history of a conventionally tilled agricultural field in southern Ontario, Canada. Three transects oriented along the slope of a large field had five soil profiles excavated at the summit, sideslope, shoulder slope, footslope and toeslope landscape positions. The soils were sampled in 5 cm increments, and 137Cs and SOC were determined on the samples. The results show that soil redistribution within landscape units of agricultural fields has been substantial both before and after fallout of 137Cs to the soil surface. Soils in depositional areas contained significant 137Cs and SOC at depths beyond which the plow can attain at present. This implies that a significant amount of carbon is being sequestered beneath the present plow layer, and the characterization of this pool must be considered in deriving the dynamics of SOC in agroecosystems. 相似文献
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Carbon sequestration and saving potential associated with changes to the management of agricultural soils in England 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract. The potential for soil organic carbon sequestration, energy savings and the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases were investigated for a range of changes in the management of tilled land and managed grassland. These parameters were modelled on a regional basis, according to local soils and crop rotations in England, and avoided the use of soil related indices. The largest carbon sequestration and saving contribution possible comes from an increase in the proportion of permanent woodland, such that a 10% change in land use could amount to 9 Mt C yr−1 in the initial years (arable and grassland). Changes in arable management could make a significant contribution to an abatement strategy if carried out in concert with greater use of permanent conservation field margins, increased returns of crop residues and reduced tillage systems, contributing 1.3 Mt C yr−1 in the initial years. It should be noted, however, that true soil carbon sequestration would be only a minor component of this (125 kt C yr−1 ), the main part being savings on CO2 emissions from reduced energy use, and lower N2 O emissions from reduced use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. 相似文献
10.
C. Bayer T. Lovato J. Dieckow J.A. Zanatta J. Mielniczuk 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,91(1-2):217-226
The one-compartment C model Ct=C0e−k2t+k1A/k2(1−e−k2t) is being long used to simulate soil organic C (SOC) stocks. Ct is the SOC stock at the time t; C0, the initial SOC stock; k2, the annual rate of SOC loss (mainly mineralization and erosion); k1, the annual rate to which the added C is incorporated into SOC; and A, the annual C addition. The component C0e−k2t expresses the decay of C0 and, for a time t, corresponds to the remains of C0 (C0 remains). The component k1A/k2(1−e−k2t) refers, at time t, to the stock of SOC derived from C crops (Ccrop). We herein propose a simple method to estimate k1 and k2 coefficients for tillage systems conducted in long-term experiments under several cropping systems with a wide range of annual C additions (A) and SOC stocks. We estimated k1 and k2 for conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT), which has been conducted under three cropping systems (oat/maize −O/M, vetch/maize −V/M and oat + vetch/maize + cowpea −OV/MC) and two N-urea rates (0 kg N ha−1 −0 N and 180 kg N ha−1 −180 N) in a long-term experiment established in a subtropical Acrisol with C0 = 32.55 Mg C ha−1 in the 0–17.5 cm layer. A linear equation (Ct = a + bA) between the SOC stocks measured at the 13th year (0–17.5 cm) and the mean annual C additions was fitted for CT and NT. This equation is equivalent to the equation of the model Ct=C0e−k2t+k1A/k2(1−e−k2t), so that a=C0e−k2t and bA=k1A/k2(1−e−k2t). Such equivalences thus allow the calculation of k1 and k2. NT soil had a lower rate of C loss (k2 = 0.019 year−1) than CT soil (k2 = 0.040 year−1), while k1 was not affected by tillage (0.148 year−1 under CT and 0.146 year−1 under NT). Despite that only three treatments had lack of fit (LOFIT) value lower than the critical 5% F value, all treatments showed root mean square error (RMSE) lower than RMSE 95% indicating that simulated values fall within 95% confidence interval of the measurements. The estimated SOC stocks at steady state (Ce) in the 0–17.5 cm layer ranged from 15.65 Mg ha−1 in CT O/M 0 N to 60.17 Mg ha−1 in NT OV/MC 180 N. The SOC half-life (t1/2 = ln 2/k2) was 36 years in NT and 17 years in CT, reflecting the slower C turnover in NT. The effects of NT on the SOC stocks relates to the maintenance of the initial C stocks (higher C0 remais), while increments in Ccrop are imparted mainly by crop additions. 相似文献