强化型EM菌剂对金针菇菌糠堆肥的影响

为提高EM菌剂在菌糠堆肥中的应用效果,加速腐熟进程,改善堆肥质量,采用纤维素酶与木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉SNH-7、蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌SNK-103与EM菌剂进行复配,研制强化型EM菌剂,并研究其对菌糠堆肥的影响。结果表明：与普通EM菌剂相比,接种强化型EM菌剂的处理堆肥过程中微生物代谢更加旺盛,温度、pH、EC值、总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、C/N、腐植酸和黄腐酸含量等理化指标的升高或降低幅度更大,腐熟进程加快;成品堆肥的GI提高,C/N降低,总氮、硝态氮、总腐植酸和游离腐植酸的含量升高,生物安全性更好、肥效更高。说明在EM菌剂中补充纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶高产菌株,可强化其对纤维素、木质素和蛋白质的降解能力,在无辅料、高C/N、低pH的不利条件下,添加该菌剂能加速堆肥进程,提高堆肥质量。     

长链酰胺化纳米纤维素增强聚乳酸复合材料

以纳米纤维素(NCC)为原料,先采用四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)氧化制备氧化纳米纤维素(TONC),再与不同链长脂肪胺在催化剂作用下发生反应,得到脂肪胺改性纳米纤维素,当脂肪胺为十二胺(DOA)、十四胺(TEA)、十六胺(HEA)、十八胺(OCA)时,分别制得DOATONC、TEATONC、HEATONC和OCATONC。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和元素分析表明:脂肪链接枝成功,改性后纳米纤维素的晶形没有发生改变,为原有Ⅰ型晶型;接触角和分散性测试表明:随着脂肪链的增长,改性纳米纤维素表面的亲水性明显下降(接触角由65.8°上升至93.9°),而分散率由25.17%先降至11.97%,再升至71.71%。将1%的改性纳米纤维素添加到聚乳酸(PLA)中制得复合膜,机械性能测试结果表明:随着脂肪链的增长,复合膜的机械性能明显提高,其中PLA/OCATONC复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到40.2 MPa和6.39%。     

番茄穴盘育苗基质特性及育苗效果研究

为了筛选出适宜北京地区春茬番茄的穴盘育苗基质,并明确其物理和化学性质,以提高育苗基质的标准化,推动育苗技术精准控制的标准化进程,选取了北京地区各大育苗场常用的3种商品基质和6种以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为主要原料复配的自配基质,用于番茄穴盘集约化育苗,分析育苗基质的理化性质及育苗效果。结果表明:A3处理(北京绿穑生物商品基质)番茄幼苗茎粗最大,较CK(草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为3∶1∶1)增加13.1%,根冠比和壮苗指数也均最大,分别为0.132和0.069,A5处理(草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比按3∶1∶1混合,每穴添加1 g基质伴侣)仅次于A3处理,两处理春季育苗效果好,建议进行推广应用。     

The effects of density and artificial substrate on intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei nursery production

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can be installed indoors, allowing year-round production of tropical animals in nearly any climate. A nursery phase is commonly used in Litopenaeus vannamei production since it allows for enhanced biosecurity and better quantification of animals while reducing space requirements. However, it is unclear whether animal density and inclusion of artificial substrate may improve shrimp performance during the nursery phase. In this experiment, we compared shrimp production parameters in two stocking densities with or without the use of an artificial substrate by creating four treatments: low-density LD; 1500 PL/m⁻³, low-density with substrate LDS, high-density HD; 3000 PL/m⁻³), and high-density with substrate (HDS). The LDS and HDS treatments included 0.46-m² of high-density polyethylene 2.5-cm mesh as a substrate, which increased the tank surface area by 21 %. Each treatment was randomly assigned to four 160-l culture tanks, each with a biofilter. The shrimp had an initial weight of 4 mg and were grown for 50 days. The low-density treatments had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH than the high-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001). Specifically, LDS had the highest DO and pH followed by the LD, HD, and HDS treatments, respectively. High-density treatments had significantly higher NO₂-N levels than low-density treatments during week 2 of the experiment when an unusually high concentration of nitrite was observed. FCR was significantly lower in both low-density treatments than in high-density treatments. At harvest, the total biomass (kg m⁻³) was significantly higher in high-density treatments than in low-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001), and the HDS treatment had a significantly greater biomass output than HD. Producers should consider artificial substrate and higher densities during nursery production to maximize shrimp production; however, the effects on water quality should also be taken into account.     

镍－碳化硅复合电镀的研究

报道了瓦特型镍－碳化硅复合电沉积过程，研究了ＳｉＣ微粒的表面活性剂处理，粒子浓度阴极电流密度，搅拌和ｐＨ值等因素对镀层硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明，在最佳的工艺条件下，可制备出性能优良的复合镀层（９％～１０％ＳｉＣ含量）其硬度是纯Ｎｉ的４～５倍，耐磨性是纯Ｎｉ的５～６倍。     

高效预应力混凝土框架的试验研究

通过２榀预应力混凝土叠合框架１：３比例的模型试验，了解了叠合梁框架在竖向荷载作用下的受力性能。讨论了叠合梁截面应变分布特点，并分析了梁的配筋率这一主要参数对框架极限承载力和破坏形态的影响。     

浅谈CFG桩复合地基

CFG桩是一种新的加固地基方法。具有适用范围广、加固地基效果明显、综合利用粉煤灰和工业废渣等优点。经济效益和社会效益好,极有推广价值。     

无菌条件下野蔷薇种子快速催芽的研究

野蔷薇种子休眠深,发芽极不整齐,给育苗带来很大麻烦。以野蔷薇的3个无刺品系No.3、No.4、No.11和野蔷薇变种荷花蔷薇为试材,研究在无菌条件下,冷藏时间、GA3浓度和不同基质对野蔷薇种子发芽的影响,探索快速得到无菌实生苗的条件。结果表明:(1)影响野蔷薇种子萌发最主要的因素是冷藏时间;(2)3个无刺品系种子在冷藏10～15d、GA30.05～0.1mg/L处理时发芽率均在90%～100%,而荷花蔷薇种子在冷藏15d、GA30.05mg/L处理时最高发芽率为73%;(3)选用沙子作基质比蛭石更适合种子发芽。     

LLDPE/PS塑料合金及其与木纤维形成复合材料的研究

研究线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与聚苯乙烯(PS)共混制备的塑料合金的性能并用不同制备条件的塑料合金与木纤维复合形成塑料合金/木纤维复合材料,研究该种复合材料的外观质量及物理力学性能.结果表明:不同共混比例与共混温度对制备的塑料合金熔体流动性、力学强度有较显著影响.塑料合金/木纤维复合材料的性能与塑料合金共混比例及共混温度有较强的相关性.2种塑料在共混比为50/50,共混温度为200℃时,形成的塑料合金与木纤维具有相对最好的相容性和最好的材料外观质量与力学性能.DMA试验表明:塑料合金/木纤维复合材料的耐热性明显优于相应的塑料合金.     

The rates of maize growth and lignin biosynthesis change after root-applied chalcone

The effects of root-applied chalcone at 0.15 mmol L⁻¹ on the growth and lignin biosynthesis in maize were investigated. The contents of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) substrates in maize shoots were increased more rapidly in the samples with chalcone application than in the control and the increase occurred at ≤ 3 h after the application (HAA). The lignin content was reduced by chalcone at ≤ 6 HAA. The shoot growth was suppressed by chalcone at ≤ 9 HAA. Consequently, the results suggest that chalcone suppressed maize growth by inhibiting monolignol biosynthesis.