A multicenter, matched case-control study of risk factors for equine laminitis

Risk factors for equine laminitis were examined in a prospective case-control study of the 258 cases seen at six collaborating veterinary teaching hospitals over a 32-month period. Case-control pairs were matched on institution, clinician, and season of diagnosis. The 90% of case-control pairs (78 acute, 155 chronic) that had complete data for age, gender, and breed were used in separate conditional logistic-regression models for acute and chronic laminitis. There was an increase in risk for horses with acute laminitis from 5 to 7 years of age (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3–16) and from 13 to 31 years of age (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–12) (both compared to <5 years); risk was increased for chronic laminitis from 10 to 14 years (OR 3, 95% CI 1.4–6.8) and from 15 to 38 years (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–6.1) (both compared to <6 years). Mares — but not stallions — were more likely than geldings to develop acute laminitis (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.2) and chronic laminitis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6). In the small acute-laminitis data set, the breed variable was collapsed into three categories: Thoroughbred (THB, reference), the Quarter Horse (QH), and other (non-QH-THB). The non-QH-THB group was at increased risk of acute laminitis (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2–11.8). For the seven breed-group categories used in the chronic-laminitis model, however, all non-THB breed groups appeared significantly at risk as compared to the THB, with odds ratios ranging from 3.3 (95% CI 1.3–8.30) for the QH to 9.1 (95% CI 2.1–39.3) for ponies.     

多系配套杂交群体遗传结构分析

利用8个微卫星标记对杜长大三元杂交群体5个种群，斯格配套系8个种群的遗传结构进行了分析。通过计算等位基因频率、基因杂合度、平均杂合度、多态信息含量、纯种间的遗传距离、F-统计量和迁移率进行分析。结果表明各群体的平均基因杂合度存在一定差异。纯种、祖代、父母代、商品代群体的平均座位杂合度和多态信息含量随着群体在杂交繁育体系中位置的由高到低而逐渐升高。Nei氏标准遗传距离显示，父本和母本间的遗传距离大，遗传距离大的父本和母本用于杂交，产生的杂种优势最大，这与实际的杂交组合一致。Fst衡量等位基因频率群体间方差，杜长大群体大约总变异的1．02％～15．60％来自种群间，而剩余的84．40％～98．98％来自种群内，斯格群体大约总变异的3．02％～15．22％来自种群间，而剩余的84．78％～96．98％来自种群内，斯格和杜长大纯种的遗传分化处于较小到中等之间。     

Vertical Frontlimb Ground Reaction Forces of Sound and Lame Warmbloods Differ From Those in Quarter Horses

Lameness is a highly prevalent condition in horses and is the principal cause of removal from athletic activity in this species. In evidence-based veterinary medicine studies to evaluate non-setoidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapies, force plates are commonly used to objectively assess improvement of lameness. The objective of this study was to determine whether breed differences would influence force plate measurements in sound and lame riding horses. Force plate measurements of lame (n = 20) and sound (n = 18) Warmblood and lame (n = 15) and sound (n = 8) Quarter Horses were compared. Lameness was visually scored using the grade 0–5 American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) lameness scale. Trotting sound Warmbloods loaded their frontlimbs with 118% body weight (BW) and their hindlimbs with 96% BW, whereas Quarter Horses only used 101% BW in the front and 92% BW in the hindlimbs (P < .05). Furthermore, it appeared and was estimated that, at trot, front-limb-lame Warmblood horses showed higher peak vertical force (PVF) values (grade 2: 89% BW; grade 3: 69% BW), than front-limb-lame Quarter Horses with similar lameness scores (grade 2: 78% BW; grade 3: 66% BW). In conclusion, peak vertical forces (PVF expressed in % BW) of either lame or sound horses seem to be influenced by breed differences between Warmblood and Quarter Horse riding horses. Possible conformation and gait differences enabled trotting Quarter Horses to demonstrate lower absolute PVF values than Warmbloods, whereas trotting lame Warmbloods showed a relatively larger decrease in frontlimb loading and thus in PVF than lame Quarter Horses at a trot. Thus, in studies in which objective lameness observations are recorded, breed differences should be taken into account when specific grades of lameness of a group of horses are to be objectively compared with another group.     

论祁连县家畜品种改良工作

为加快祁连县家畜品种改良步伐,促进当地畜牧业发展,文章在详细介绍祁连县基本情况的基础上,论述了该县家畜品种改良过程中存在的诸如缺乏连续性、存在盲目性、繁育体系不健全、饲养管理条件较差等五个方面的问题,同时就如何加快该县畜种改良工作提出了加强领导、完善服务体系、改善经营管理和采取科学的改良措施等四点建议.     

菜用大青豆AC10的选育

ＡＣ１０大豆是以７５－２３－１－５－１５品系经激光红宝石辐照,选衣出７５－５４红品系,以之为父本,以西德青豆ＳｏｇｌｅｅｎＯｇｄｅｎ为线本进行有性杂交,再用红宝石２５００Ｖ辐射选能而成,具早熟、高产、优质等特点,６６７ｍ＾２产量１５４．４７ｋｇ,比对照八个月爆增产３０．６６％。     

吉林白鹅(农安籽鹅)品种特性研究

本文较详细地报道了吉林白鹅的品种特性 :体型外貌特征及体尺体重、生长发育规律、产肉性能、产蛋性能、产绒性能、肥肝性能及某些经济性状的遗传参数。结果表明 :吉林白鹅早期生长发育较快 ,其中 2 ,3周龄最快 ;在放牧为主补饲为辅的条件下 ,年均产蛋 60～ 80枚 ,在科学饲养条件下 ,年均产蛋 1 2 5枚 ;含绒率冬季可达 2 4 2 %;成龄体重、产蛋数、绒毛重、肥肝重的h2 分别为 0 57,0 2 8,0 4 1 ,0 52。吉林白鹅的高产蛋性能和含绒率 ,是世界鹅品种中非常罕见和宝贵的高产基因 ,经过进一步系统选育提高 ,可以成为国内外杂交配套系的理想母本。     

中国驴品种资源现状及其分子遗传育种研究进展

驴是中国一个古老畜种,对不良环境适应性强,耐粗饲、抗病力强,一直是役、驮、乘、肉、药多用资源之一。但随着农业机械化、运输业快速发展及人民生活水平提高,近些年来驴品种资源整体面临着种质资源退化、种群数量和质量显著下降等问题。本文针对我国驴品种资源概况、保护利用现状、存在问题及其分子遗传育种研究进展进行综述,以期为驴品种资源的保护及开发利用提供参考。     

黄金间碧玉竹引种试验

通过对黄金间碧玉竹的繁殖和适应性试验，认为黄金间碧玉竹繁殖容易，适应性强．在亚热带轻霜地区种植，生长良好，可作观赏和材用。影响其生长发育的主要限制因子是霜冻，若定檀当年和次年采取防护措施，待其根系、地下茎和茎杆抗性增强后，便可抵御一定程度的寒窖。