Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

Three SNPs within exons of INHA and ACVR2B genes are significantly associated with litter size in Dazu black goats

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within INHA and ACVR2B and litter size in Dazu black goats. In total, twenty-two SNPs were genotyped in 190 individuals by SNaPshot and resequencing. The results showed that three SNPs (SNP_1, SNP_12 and SNP_13 in this study) were detected to have significant additive genetic effect on the recorded goat litter size (p < .05). The SNP_1 (NC_030809.1), a non-synonymous substitution of G for T at chr2-g. 28314990 in the exon 2 of INHA gene (NM_001285606.1), resulted in homozygote 2 (HOM2) contributed 0.25 and heterozygote (HET) contributed 0.12 larger litter than homozygote 1 (HOM1). Meanwhile, SNP_12 (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T) and SNP_13 (Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) (NC_030829.1) simultaneously mutated at the first and third position of a triplet AAA (lysine, K) in the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene (XM_018066623.1) had estimated genetic effects of HOM1 (0.00) and HOM2 (0.03) larger than HET (−0.12). In conclusion, one SNPs (chr2-g. 28314990 T > G) within the exon 2 of INHA and two SNPs (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T and Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) i n the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene were highly recommended as candidate markers of litter size in Dazu black goats. A large-scale association study to assess the impact of these variants on litter size is still necessary.     

SDS-PAGE和PCR检测1B/1R易位系研究初报

采用18个冬小麦品种作为供试材料,分别通过SDS-PAGE检测黑麦Secalin蛋白和PCR检测黑麦1RS染色体或其片段,结果表明:SDS-PAGE检测不出不带有secalin蛋白的1B/1R小片段易位系,而PCR则能检测出,从而提高1B/1R易位系的检出率;SDS-PAGE和PCR结合是检测1B/1R易位系的一种快速经济的有效方法。     

Nisin 对 Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 和 Bifidobac

在MRS平板上，采用琼脂扩散法测定了Nisin对Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5和Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12生长的抑制作用。当Nisin浓度≥50ug/ml时，对Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5表现出强烈的抑制作用，而Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12则几乎不生长，即使Nisin的浓度仅为25ug/ml，当L.acidophilus La-5和B.bifidum Bb-12单独或两者共同在37℃发酵10％（w/w)还原脱脂奶时，脱脂奶中添加的50ug/ml Nisin对B.bifidum Bb-12表现出杀菌作用，而对L.acidophilus La-5则为抑菌作用。当延长培养时间后。L.acidophilus La-5的存在可以降低Nisin对B.bifidum Bb-12的致死作用。     

拮抗细菌Enterobacter cloaeae B8的一株抗菌素抗性突变体(英文)

为了研究拮抗细菌Enterobacter cloacae B8在野外水稻叶面上的定殖情况及拮抗作用,由自然选择和Tn5诱变从B8产生了一株抗菌素抗性突变体BX8.BX8能在含利福平达400μg/ml或卡那霉素达300μg/ml的LB培养基中生长.实验表明该抗菌素抗性的产生没有降低BX8的拮抗活性.该抗性比较稳定,在无抗菌素培养基中培养.BX8至少分裂生长60代内抗性不变.     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液的B细胞和免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：IBD疫苗免疫后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡，表明IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液的体液免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒株攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫子代雏鸡外周血液的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与IBDV感染雏鸡后，其体液免疫中枢器官法氏囊严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关，也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础。     

怀孕后期感染PRRS病毒母猪所产新生仔猪的免疫反应

将PRRS病毒BJ－4株感染怀孕后期（约90天）的抗体阴性和阳性母猪，待自然分娩后，观察新生仔猪的免疫应答。结果显示，接种PRRS病毒BJ－4的母猪没有表现出明显的临床症状，没有出现流产死产。新生仔猪浦被子前血清中PRRS病毒核酸TR－PCR检测和ELISA抗体阴性，哺乳后特异性抗体出现，5－6周母源抗体逐渐下降；20日龄猪瘟疫苗免疫后疫苗抗体维持时间短，仔猪在40日龄后进入野毒感染的危险期。RT－nested PCR检测血清中PRRS病毒核酸和易感仔猪病毒特异性抗体监测的结果提示仔猪群内可能存在水平传播。流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群发现CD3^ 细胞减少，CD4^ 细胞显著下降，CD8^ ，CD4^ CD8^ 和SLA－DR^ 表达细胞升高。以上结果表明在感染后病毒能够长期持续性存在，猪场内新生仔猪母源抗体逐渐下降后，通过水平传播受到感染，感染后免疫应答受到不利影响。     

Development of Immune Response to Experimental Bovine Trichophyton vervucosum Infection

Abstract— Cell mediated and humoral immune responses to experimental Trichophyton verrucosum infection were assessed by sequential cutaneous biopsies, antibody assessments and microscopic monitoring of fungal presence. Histopathologic examination showed the accrual of lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells in the dermis of infected sites. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with monoclonal antibody preparations revealed an influx of macrophages, BoCD4+ and B0CD8+ lymphocytes and γδ T cells from the 5th day to the 33rd day of infection. A moderate influx of B cells was observed. Protein G-colloidal gold staining revealed the presence of immunoglobulins in the dermis and superficial epidermal layers. Trichophyton specific serum antibodies appeared between days 33 and 55. Microscopic assessment of infected tissues revealed an increase in T, verrucosum elements (mycelium and ectothrix spores) from days 19 to 55. Fungal elements in infected areas did not decrease until after both humoral and cell mediated elements of the immune response were established. These responses imply a combination of cell mediated and humoral events were associated with T. verrucosum immunity and clearance in the calf. Résumé— Le réponse immunitaire humorale et cellulaire a une infection expérimentale àT. verrucosum a été appréciée par des biospsies cutanées successives, des dosages d'anticorps et la recherche microscopique de champignons. L'examen histopathologique a montré un afflux de lymphocytes et d'autres cellules inflammatoires dane le derme des sites infectés. Les marquages en immunopéroxydase par un anticorps monoclonal de coupes congelées a montré un influx de macrophages, lymphocytes BoCD4+ et BoCD8+ et des cellules T γδ, du 5e au 33e jour de l'infection. Un marquage par une protéine G—or colloidal a révélé d'immunogolglobulines dans le derme et les couches supéerficielles de l'épiderme. Les anticorps spécifiques de Trichophyton sont apparus entre 33 et 55 jours. L'examen microscopique des tissus infectés a révélé une augmentation du nombre d'éléments de T. verrucosum (mycelium et spores ectothrix) du 19e au 55e jours. Les éléments fongiques dans les zones infectées n'ont pas diminué avant que les réponses humorales et cellulaires ne solent établies. Ces résponses impliquent qu'une coopération des réponses humorales et cellulaires étaient associées dans l'immunité et la défense contre T. verrucosum. Zusammenfassung— Die zellvermittelten und humoralen Immunantworten auf die experimentelle Infektion mit T. verrucosum wurden durch eine Serie von Hautbiopsien, Antikörperuntersuchungen und mikroskopischer Untersuchung auf das Vorhandensein von Pilzen ausgewertet. Die histopathologische Untersuchung zeigte eine Ansammlung von Lymphozyten und anderen Entzündungszellen in der Dermis der infizierten Stellen. Die Immunperoxidasefärbung der Gefrierschnitte mit monoklonalen Antikörperzubereitungen zeigte einen Influx von Makrophagen, BoCd4-und BoCD8-Lymphozyten und gamma-delta-T-Zellen vom 5. bis zum 33. Tag der Infektion. Es wurde auch ein mäßiger Influx von B-Zellen beobachtet. Die Protein-G-kolloidale Goldfärbung zeigte die Anwesenheit von Immunglobulinen in der Dermis und den oberflächlichen epidermalen Schichten. Trichophyton-spezifische Serumantikörper traten zwischen Tag 33 und 55 auf. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung infizierter Gewebe zeigte eine Zunahme von T. verrucosum-Bestandteilen (Myzel und exktothrixe Sporen) vom Tag 19 bis 55. Pilzteile in infizierten Bereichen verminderten sich weder, nachdem humorale, noch nachdem zellvermittelte Elemente der Immunantwort auftraten. Diese Reaktionen deuten an, daß eine Kombination von zellvermittelten und humoralen Vorgängen im Zusammenhang mit T. verrucosum-Immumtät und Abheilung beim Kalb vorliegt. Resumen Por medio de biposias cutáneas secuenciales, medida de anticuerpos y exámen microscópico de presencia de hongos, se estudió la respuesta inmunitaria de tipo humoral y celular producida por la infección experimental con T. verrucosum. El exámen histopatológico reveló la presencia de agregación de linfocitos y otras células inflamatorias procedentes de la dermis de los puntos infectados. La tintura por medio de inmunoperoxidasa de las secciones congeladas, con preparaciones monoclonales de anticuerpos, demostró un aflujo de macrófagos BoCD4 + y BoCD8 + linfocitos y linfocitos, Tαδ, desde el quinto hasta el día 33 la infección. También se observó un aflugo moderado de linfocitos B. La tintura aúrica de proteina coloidal G reveló la presencia de inmunoglobulinas en al dermis y capas superficiales de la epidermis. Los anticuerpos específicos para la especie Trichophyton aparecieron entre los días 33 y 55. El exámen microscópico de los tejidos afectados demostró un incremento, de los elementos füngicos T. verrucosum (micelio y esporas exótricas) desde los días 19 al 55. Los elementos fúngicos en áreas infectadas no disminuyeron hasta después del establecimiento de ambos tipos de respuesta inmunitaria, humoral y celular. Estas respuestas implican que la combinación de ciertos fenómenos de inmunidad celular y humoral, están relacionados con la desaparición y la inmunidad de la infección producia por T. verrucosum en el ternero.     

The Inheritance of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica napus

The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H₃CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed.