虚拟仿真实验教学系统联合问卷星在“食品毒理学”动物实验教学中的应用

"食品毒理学"动物实验通常需要使用较多实验动物给予毒物处理以满足课堂教学的需要,当前,飞速发展的信息时代下,各种新型教学技术手段极大地变革了高校实验课的教学形态。虚拟仿真实验教学系统和问卷星这2种新型教学手段相结合的方式,能够更加高效地辅助"食品毒理学"完成实验教学,提高教学效率,最大程度减少实验动物使用量,从而加深学生对于毒理学动物实验所倡导的3R (替代Reduction,减少Replacement,优化Refinement)原则的认识。     

熏蒸剂硫酰氟及熏蒸处理设备在我国的开发研究

本文主要是介绍农业部植检所和有关研究单位与应用单位协作进行硫酰氟的应用技术方面的研究结果。具体介绍硫酰氟对植物、仓储害虫、林木蛀干害虫的毒性,对高等动物的毒理以及中毒治疗方法;硫酰氟熏蒸后的暂时残留和永久残留的分析测定结果;硫酰氟的常压和真空熏蒸技术及其在农林、植物检疫、卫生检疫、外贸、文史档案、轻纺、城建等方面大规模应用。另外简介圆筒仓循环熏蒸设备,手动式ＺＸ—３５０型、半自动式ＣＫ－ＺＸ—１５００型真空熏蒸机及有害生物处理机的开发研制及应用     

呼和浩特地区生活饮用水中硝酸盐危害因子风险评估

针对呼和浩特地区生活饮用水,运用风险评估的方法,从危害识别、危害描述、暴露评估、风险描述4个方面对饮用水中硝酸盐危害因子进行科学的评估,确定其风险商（HQ）为34.4%。同时,开展了硝酸盐危害因子亚急性毒理学试验,结果显示：基于膳食暴露低水平喂药的试验组,碱性磷酸酶（ALKP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、尿素（UREA）高于对照组,差异极其显著（P＜0.01）;基于膳食暴露高水平喂药的试验组,球蛋白（GLOB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、血磷（P）、尿素（UREA）高于对照组,差异极其显著（P＜0.01）。     

苎麻根黄酮甙的安全毒理学评价

通过对苎麻根有效成份黄酮甙的半数致死量(LD_(50))及显性致死突变试验,测得LD_(50)为2369mg/kg,苎麻根黄酮甙对小白鼠无显性致死效应,从而为深入研究其药效,扩大兽用药源提供了理论依据。     

The mode of action and neurotoxicity of mirex,chlordecone, and four hydrogenated mirex analogs

The toxicity and neurological effects of mirex, chlordecone, and four hydrogenated mirex analogs were evaluated on the American cockroach. The severity of poisoning symptoms correlated with the ability of each compound to increase spontaneous activity and prolong synaptic afterdischarge in ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. Afterdischarge across the metathoracic ganglion was consistent with a characteristic wing splaying symptom in mirex-poisoned cockroaches. The actions of hemicholinium-3 and nicotine on nerve cords from mirex-poisoned cockroaches are described and are consistent with a hypothesis that the increased spontaneous activity and afterdischarge are the result of enhanced transmitter release in ganglia of poisoned animals.     

过山青水提物对小鼠肝·肾功能及血细胞计数的急性毒性研究

[目的]通过过山青对小鼠的急性毒性试验,确定过山青水提取物短期内使用有无毒性。[方法]将不同浓度的过山青灌喂小鼠后,连续观察10 d,记录小鼠体征及活动情况,并检测小鼠的肝肾功能和血常规。[结果]过山青水提物对小鼠的血常规中白细胞的影响大,但没有线性关系,高低计量影响相对较小,而中剂量的影响却很大。过山青水提物对淋巴细胞和单核细胞的影响不大,对中性粒细胞的影响比较大,对红细胞的影响,除D组外,影响较小,对血红蛋白的影响也不明显。过山青对小鼠体征及活动情况无明显影响,使血液中白细胞和中性粒细胞降低,导致免疫功能下降;较大剂量时导致肝脏毒性,对肾脏的影响不明显。[结论]过山青水提取物对小鼠有一定的毒理作用,较大剂量时毒性较大。     

基于ESI的药学、毒理学研究影响力分析

通过分析美国基本科学指标数据库(ESI)所收录的药学、毒理学领域相关研究论文,了解目前该学科领域研究的动态发展趋势、走向。     

Latex proteins from the plant Calotropis procera are partially digested upon in vitro enzymatic action and are not immunologically detected in fecal material

Soluble proteins from the latex of Calotropis procera (LP) were investigated in vitro and in vivo for digestibility as the latex has previously been shown to produce considerable toxic effects on animals. The latex is also an important biologically active compound that displays antiinflammatory and antidiarrhea properties. The proteins were digested by the action of trypsin, pepsin or chemotrypsin as revealed by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, the full LP digestion was easily achieved by protease treatment. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against LP failed to detect cross-reactive molecules in fecal material of experimental rats following 35 consecutive days of LP consumption in water. Similar patterns of electrophoresis were observed for the negligible amounts of protein observed in the fecal extracts of control and test animals. No death or toxic effects were observed among animals. Taken together these results suggest that harmful and toxic effects on animals of the latex from C. procera are present in its rubber and low molecular weight fractions rather than its protein content.