超氧化物歧化酶

本文就超氧化物歧化酶的种类、分布、结构、活性部位、催化机理、纯化、活力测定、理化特性等方面作了介绍,并叙述了它的研究动向和发展前景。     

Changes of urinary albumin and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in high altitude polycythemia at different altitudes and its mechanism

AIM:To study the changes of excretive amount of albumin(ALB), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) in patients with high altitude polycythemia(HAPC) at different altitude and its mechanism.METHODS:Urinary ALB, NAG, activity of red blood cell superoxide dismutase(RBC-SOD), malonyldialdehyde(MDA) and erythrocyte filtration index(EFI) of 231 healthy subjects and 86 patients with HAPC at different altitude were detected.RESULTS:Excretive amount of urinary ALB, NAG, and plasma MDA, EFI were higher, and RBC-SOD was lower in patients with HAPC than those in healthy subjects, the changes were significantly obvious, with increasing altitude. Urinary ALB and NAG were negatively correlates to EFI, and no correlated to the content of MDA and RBC-SOD.CONCLUSIONS:EFI exertes an independent influence on urinary ALB and NAG. The decrease in erythrocyte deformability caused by the increase of peroxidation of lipids might participate in the pathogenesis and progress of the increase of excretive amount of ALB and NAG in HAPC.     

Induction of an antioxidant enzyme system and other oxidative stress markers associated with compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.ciceris

To ascertain if active oxygen species play a role in fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the degree of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) and the activity levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), an apoplastic H₂O₂-forming oxidase, and several antioxidant enzymes, namely ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined spectrophotometrically in roots and stems of ‘WR315’ (resistant) and ‘JG62’ (susceptible) chickpea cultivars inoculated with the highly virulent race 5 of the pathogen. Moreover, APX, CAT, GPX and SOD were also analysed in roots and stems by gel electrophoresis and activity staining; and the protein levels of APX and SOD in roots were determined by Western blotting. In roots, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities, although such responses occurred earlier in the incompatible compared with the compatible interactions. APX, GPX and GR activities were also increased in infected roots, but only in the compatible interaction. In stems, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and APX, CAT, SOD and GPX activities only in the compatible interaction, and DAO activity only in the incompatible one. In general, electrophoregrams agreed with the activity levels determined spectrophotometrically and did not reveal any differences in isoenzyme patterns between cultivars or between infected and non-infected plants. Further, Western blots revealed an increase in the root protein levels of APX in the compatible interaction and in those of SOD in both compatible and incompatible interactions. In conclusion, whereas enhanced DAO activity in stems, and earlier increases in lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities in roots, can be associated with resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpea, the induction of the latter three parameters in roots and stems along with that of APX, GR (only in roots) and GPX (only in stems) activities are rather more associated with the establishment of the compatible interaction.     

Differential levels of antioxidants in paraquat-resistant and -susceptible Erigeron canadensis biotypes in Korea

To characterize the biochemical differences in paraquat-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of Erigeron canadensis L. collected from Korea, we investigated the constitutive levels of various antioxidants such as antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants in leaves, as well as after paraquat treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase were higher in the paraquat-resistant biotype than in the paraquat-susceptible biotype. Reduced ascorbic acid content was higher in the resistant biotype, but the content of reduced glutathione was higher in the susceptible biotype. These results indicate that one of the paraquat-resistant mechanisms in E. canadensis in the present study might be related to protecting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase, as well as the contents of low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione.     

高温胁迫对文冠果主要抗氧化酶活性的影响

以文冠果水培枝为试验材料,对6个高温梯度、4种培养液处理条件下其叶中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)进行测定与分析。结果表明:(1)文冠果的POD酶当温度在35℃时酶活性出现一明显峰值;CAT酶当温度在45℃时酶活性出现一个明显峰值;SOD酶在温度为35℃和45℃时先后出现明显峰值;(2)POD和CAT酶在植物体内起作用的温度范围不同,温度在45℃之前,CAT酶起主要作用,温度高于45℃后,POD酶起主要作用;(3)不同铜、锌元素的水培液处理对SOD活性影响均达到显著水平,即处理4-[Cu(1)Zn(1)]对SOD活性影响极其显著,其显著性大小依次为:4-[Cu(1)Zn(1)]、3-[Cu(1)Zn(0)]、2-[Cu(0)Zn(1)]。保护酶系统酶活性与文冠果的生理代谢以及抗逆性有关,旨在为文冠果抗逆性机理的深入研究提供依据。     

茉莉酸甲酯对烟草抗黄瓜花叶病毒的诱导效应

用1 g.L-1茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)处理小十字期烟草幼苗,烟苗移栽后长至10片真叶时再用相同浓度MJ处理一次,并接种烟草黄瓜花叶病毒,研究茉莉酸甲酯对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诱导效应.结果表明:接种CMV后21 d,MJ处理烟株的病情显著低于对照,诱导效果达到43.24%;MJ处理提高了烟草幼苗叶片内的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶的活性和过氧化氢的含量;而接种CMV后,MJ处理烟株叶片过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,过氧化物酶活性增强,过氧化氢含量明显升高.     

薇甘菊萎蔫病毒感染对薇甘菊光合特性和4种酶活性的影响

为明确薇甘菊萎蔫病毒(Mikania micrantha wilt virus,MMWV)对薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)叶片生理生化的影响,探讨了MMWV侵染对薇甘菊叶片超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)活性及叶绿素总含量和光合特性的影响.结果表明:MMWV感染薇甘菊16d内叶片的SOD活性均比对照组高,其中第16天达最大值,但接种后第24和32天SOD活性分别比对照低了13.28％和25.37％;POD活性在接种后16-32d均显著高于对照.PPO和PAL变化趋势相似,在接种后第8天这两个酶的活性分别比对照高了77.75％和23.58％,而在第32天分别比对照减少了14.27％和20.53％.随着侵染时间的增加,感病薇甘菊叶片中叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值逐步降低;同时最大净光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(LSP)分别比健康对照减少了32.34％和12.52％,而对暗呼吸速率(Rd),光补偿点(LCP)和表观量子效率(AQY)无显著影响.表明MMWV侵染可减低薇甘菊叶片光合作用的效率.     

盐度胁迫对刺参非特异性免疫酶的影响

盐胁迫后刺参的行为表现及免疫酶活性会发生相应变化,以达到适应盐度变化的目的。设定5个盐度梯度(18、23、33、36和40),分析盐度胁迫后刺参行为变化及不同响应时间下体腔液中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、溶菌酶（LSZ）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力变化。实验结果发现盐度增加和降低都使刺参的活动受到影响,低盐度胁迫比高盐度胁迫对刺参的影响大。碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性总体呈现先降低后升高,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复适应的趋势。盐度23溶菌酶活力显著高于盐度32的对照组;盐度为36时,溶菌酶活力在第1天最高,随后降低,维持2 d后,酶活力又开始升高,并高于盐度32的对照组水平;盐度为18、40时,酶活力显著低于对照组,并一直维持在较低水平。低盐18、23胁迫时,超氧化物歧化酶SOD酶活力明显低于对照组,且最低点均出现在第8 d。高盐36、40胁迫时,酶活力明显高于对照组,最高点分别出现在第5 d和第8 d。研究结果为刺参机体在盐度胁迫下的调节适应机制研究工作奠定一定的基础。     

Pb对匍匐翦股颖根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

通过Pb离子浓度胁迫与处理时间两因素试验方案,利用甲基氮蓝四唑(NBT)光密度测定法测定了匍匐翦股颖(Agrotistolonifera)根系细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SODs)活性,并用统计分析软件SPSS13.0中的GenearLinearModel模块,对试验数据进行了F测验,用LSD法对各水平间进行多重比较检验。结果表明,重金属Pb各处理浓度对SODs的影响均达到极显著水平,处理后SODs水平显著上升,到第4d时达到最高值,处理第3d与第4d之间未达显著水平,第1、2d与第3、4、5d之间达到极显著水平发现低浓度(<2.5mmol·L-1)Pb处理可促使根系细胞积极的防御策略,使细胞SODs水平持续增加;高浓度(>10.0mmol·L-1)处理使SODs活性在早期上升,第4d后SODs开始下降,其主要原因是Pb离子胁迫产生的超量自由基导致酶失活效应所致。