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1.
The denitrifying woodchip bioreactor is designed to remediate nitrate-rich water, including those produced from aquaculture effluents. Reuse of treated bioreactor outflows in recirculating aquaculture would offer considerable water savings and valuable alkalinity recuperation. However, such bioreactors may leach detrimental wood-bound contaminants, preventing outflow reuse. To determine water reuse potential, woodchip media from two hardwood species (white ash, Fraxinus americana; Norway maple, Acer platanoides) were evaluated for 206 d under a range of operating conditions (start-up, steady-state, reducing conditions, and drying-rewetting cycles) for a spectrum of potentially harmful dissolved contaminants. Aerated outflows also were evaluated for acute and chronic toxicity to the biologically sensitive invertebrate Ceriodaphnia dubia. Dissolved metal leaching subsided within the first few weeks of operation, though initial concentrations of copper and zinc were detected at concentrations of concern. Elevated concentrations of tannins-lignin and total ammonia nitrogen were detected throughout the study and were influenced by operational phase. Acute toxicity was not generally detected, though chronic toxicity was observed during drying-rewetting cycles in the maple outflows. The measured toxicity was not correlated with water chemistry, indicating an additive effect of several toxicants. Overall, significant differences in outflow water quality between ash and maple wood species were negligible. Results indicated that bioreactor outflows may be applicable for aquacultural reuse, though reusing outflows immediately following start-up or restarting after a dry period would not be recommended. 相似文献
2.
种子在自然贮藏过程中常常伴随着内部生理机能的恶化,线粒体作为种子内活性氧(reactive oxide species,ROS)产生的主要位点是最先遭到破坏的细胞器。为探讨不同贮藏年限对老芒麦种胚线粒体抗氧化功能的影响,本试验以室温贮藏0~4年的老芒麦种子为材料,分析比较其老化规律及种胚线粒体抗氧化特性的变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏年限的延长,老芒麦种子发芽势、发芽率和种苗鲜重逐渐下降,死种子逐渐增多,种胚线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶(mitochondria malate dehydrogenase,MDH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(monodehydroascorbate reductase,MDHAR)活性逐渐下降,但在死种子中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著升高。此外,在贮藏过程中老芒麦种胚线粒体O2·-产生速率不断上升,而H2O2含量则呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表明线粒体中O2·-的积累与细胞氧化损伤密切相关。 相似文献
3.
Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. Note 相似文献
4.
松针叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏中含有β-胡萝卜素、维生素E、叶绿素等生物活性物质,这些物质的不足之处是稳定性较差.试验结果表明,松针叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏在室、温避光条件下贮藏1年,不同品种产品中生物活性物质降低幅度是不同的.马尾松针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为(%):β-胡萝卜素12.4,维生素E9.9,叶绿素10.4;赤松针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为(%):β-胡萝卜素25,1,维生素E.16.4,叶绿素12.8;樟子松针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏产品中生物活性物质降低幅度分别为(%):β-胡萝卜素14.8,维生素E12.3,叶绿素24.0.马尾松针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏产品,在室温避光条件下贮藏15年,β-胡萝卜素损失48.1%,维生素E损失18.9%,叶绿素损失29.6%. 相似文献
5.
柿饼贮藏工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对柿饼在贮藏过程中的防霉变、防褐变方法进行了研究,并试验了将制作半干食品的技术应用于柿饼贮藏工艺中的可行性。结果表明,柿饼的含水量、熏硫量、熏硫时间对柿饼霉变率有显著的影响,按推荐的熏硫工艺熏硫的柿饼贮藏3个月后,SO2的含量低于国家标准允许残留量100 mg/kg,贮藏期比未熏硫的柿饼平均延长4.5个月以上;避光、真空、低温、熏硫贮藏都可有效防止柿饼褐变,其中低温防褐变最为有效;柿饼经新工艺处理后,含水量由21%~27%(湿基计,以下同)提高至32%~37%,水分活度仍保持在0.75左右,传统风味基本保持不变而口感得到很好改善,贮藏期在9个月以上。 相似文献
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7.
草莓呼吸旺盛,果皮薄易受伤,难以贮藏。利用近冰点温度贮藏可以明显地抑制草莓的呼吸作用,结合小袋包装的气密性,改善了包装内部的气体组成,提高草莓果实周围的相对湿度并减少空气对流,从而抑制了草莓在贮藏过程中糖分、水分的损耗,减少了糖酸比值的下降。保持了一定的感观指标,可使草莓的贮藏时间延长。 相似文献
8.
杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山… 相似文献
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10.