不同锌源对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

将300日龄伊莎蛋鸡135只,随机分为3组,在基础日粮中分别添加50mg/kg锌的蛋氨酸锌、氧化锌,基础日粮为对照组,研究不同锌源对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮补锌对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋壳质量及蛋黄锌含量有提高作用,但未发现不同锌源的显著差异。     

中国主要城市春季PM_(2.5)分布特征及其来源分析

通过分析全国12个城市2014年春季(3~5月)PM2.5监测数据,得出不同地区春季PM2.5分布特征,及不同地区PM2.5主要来源;比较六大经济协作区、不同功能城市及几个典型城市间PM2.5分布的差异,并分析其原因,为制定改善空气质量的有效措施提供合理依据。     

New Wild Lactuca Genetic Resources with Resistance Against Bremia lactucae

A total of 1027 genotypes of wild Lactuca spp. (L. serriola, L. saligna, and L. aculeata), originating from Israel, Jordan, East Turkey, Armenia, Kazakhstan, China, and various other countries in Europe were screened for resistance to the lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel). The genotypes of L. serriola (N = 962); L. saligna (N = 43); and L. aculeata (N = 22) were tested at the seedling stage with two isolates of B. lactucae (race Bl-21 and Isr-74) isolated from cultivated lettuce in Italy and Israel, respectively. Altogether, the isolates possess virulence against 17 out of 20 Dm genes/R-factors composing the established differential set of lettuce lines/varieties. They could therefore be used for preliminary detection of the presence of new resistance factors. A total of 83 and three genotypes of L. serriola and L. saligna, respectively, were resistant to infection by each of the two isolates alone as well as to the infection by a mix of the two isolates. These genotypes probably carry previously unknown resistance, and therefore could be suitable for exploitation by breeders and further detailed research. The wild progenitor of lettuce, L. serriola, and related species harbor significant untapped genetic resources for lettuce improvement.     

Assessment of genetic diversity among African cassava Manihot esculenta Grantz accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers

A study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic diversity among African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions included a breeding stock (clone 58308), five improved lines, 62 CMD resistant and 10 CMD susceptible landraces. Genetic diversity was assessed among accessions in five cluster groups derived from UPGMA analysis on data from 18 SSR primer pairs. Average gene diversity, He, was high in all cluster groups, with an average heterozygosity of 0.591 ± 0.061. The estimator of inbreeding Fis revealed a low level of inbreeding within groups and averaged −0.262 ± 0.142. Gene diversity among all accessions was 51.4% and gene diversity within cluster groups was 46.6%, while 4.8% was due to diversity between the different cluster groups. The amount of genetic differentiation measured by Gst and Fst were 9.6% and 12.1% respectively, indicating a weak genetic structure.     

台山市土壤硒来源的研究

[目的]研究台山地区土壤富硒来源,为资源开发利用提供重要科学依据。[方法]从成土母质和大气沉降上,对比分析了硒的含量。[结果]源岩中,上寒武系地层含硒量高,可达1.34 mg/kg;大气干沉降物中,硒年通量平均达285.18μg/(m2.年)。[结论]上寒武统水石组为该区的主要物质来源,而大气沉降为提供丰富物质补充。     

不同来源文冠果成品苗造林表现

对3个不同来源地的文冠果成品苗造林后的成活率及生育指标研究表明,成活率高低依次为中神木浩泽一年生成品苗(本地自育苗)、榆林佳县3年生成品苗、甘肃西北文冠果基地3年生成品苗。就地育苗就地移栽的浩泽一年生成品苗造林成活率高达93.33%,且第1年的生长量明显高于其他两个来源的。文冠果造林应在本地育苗。     

Carbon dioxide emissions and net primary production of Russian terrestrial ecosystems

 Determination of the C balance is of considerable importance when forecasting climate and environmental changes. Soil respiration and biological productivity of ecosystems (net primary production; NPP) are the basic components of the terrestrial C cycle. In this study, a previously made assessment of the annual CO₂ flux from Russian soils was improved upon. CO₂ emissions from Russian soils during the growing period were shown to represent, on average, 53–82% of the annual CO₂ flux from Russian soils. The total annual CO₂ flux from Russian soils was estimated at 4.50 Gt C (C source). The NPP of Russian ecosystems was estimated at 4.81 Gt C year^–1 (C sink). Our calculations showed values of CO₂ emissions and the C sink to be very close. This shows that, in general, terrestrial ecosystems are under steady state. Received: 1 December 1997     

水产品加工企业物理性污染的可能来源及预防措施

在各种食品污染中,物理性污染是来源广、难控制、投诉较多的食品安全问题之一,并可能导致生物性和化学性危害。为帮助水产品加工企业有效控制物理性污染,减少顾客投诉和经济损失,提升企业形象,保障消费者健康安全,通过对多家水产品加工企业的调研,分析了从各种原辅材料采购、加工到成品出厂等一系列加工过程中可能带入的物理污染物及来源,提出各种具有可操作性的预防措施。     

我国农业面源污染对水体的影响及防治措施

通过分析中国化肥用量的变化与湖泊富营养化进程,揭示了农业面源污染的增加与水体污染的加重几乎同步,农业面源是造成水环境污染的重要因素。从农业面源污染负荷大、污染复杂和防治难度大三方面指出中国农业面源防治的艰巨性和长期性。最后提出建立防治农业面源污染的政策和法规、推广先进的科学技术和加强生态建设是防治中国农业面源对水体污染的重要措施。     

原花青素功能及应用进展

综述了原花青素的来源、功能特性及其在食品、医药、化妆品领域的应用,并指出了原花青素生产中需要解决的问题,为原花青素的开发和应用提供了参考。