Artificial burrow preference by the Japanese crayfish Cambaroides japonicus

SUMMARY: Preference for artificial burrows by the endangered Japanese crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus was studied to improve its cultivation. The occupation of artificial burrows, which were made from straight polyvinyl chloride pipes of different internal diameters ( Y , mm), by crayfishes of different total lengths ( X , mm) was significantly ( P < 0.001, n = 56) described by a linear regression: Y = 0.49 X + 3.42 (19.0 ≤ X ≤ 70.2). Among burrows of different lengths [crayfish total length (TL) × 1, × 2, × 3, and × 4], crayfishes significantly preferred burrows that were greater than TL × 3 ( P < 0.001, n = 588).     

Expression of a recombinant crustacean hyperglycemic hormone of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT:   Until now, six crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHH) designated Pej-SGP-I, -II, -III, -V, -VI and -VII have been characterized in the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus . All CHH consist of 72 amino acid residues and have an amidated carboxyl (C)-terminus. In the present study, we expressed Pej-SGP-III in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris in order to obtain a large quantity of recombinant CHH possessing biological activity. A cDNA encoding Pej-SGP-III that had been previously cloned was processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the resulting product was ligated into an expression vector. Pichia pastoris was transformed with this vector after which a recombinant Pej-SGP-III was expressed having an additional amino acid residue (glycine) at the C-terminus (rPej-SGP-III-Gly), a form considered to be a putative precursor of this hormone. rPej-SGP-III-Gly secreted into the culture medium was purified by reversed-phase HPLC, and amidated using a peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme. The amidated rPej-SGP-III (rPej-SGP-III) showed hyperglycemic activity in in vivo bioassay almost comparable to that of the natural Pej-SGP-III. rPej-SGP-III thus obtained will be a useful tool not only for its physiological study but also for the determination of its 3-D structure.     

刺参响应灿烂弧菌侵染的基因组DNA甲基化水平和转录组差异及其关联分析

为探讨病原菌胁迫下刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)基因组DNA甲基化水平和转录组表达的差异,本研究采用人工攻毒侵染胁迫,获得刺参化皮体壁组织,并以未攻毒组的健康体壁组织为对照,对刺参2种体壁组织进行全基因组甲基化测序(WGBS)和转录组高通量测序,解析刺参体壁基因组DNA甲基化差异,筛选响应病原胁迫的差异甲基化区域和差异表达基因。同时,通过基因组甲基化和转录组联合分析,筛选负相关关联基因,为解析刺参响应灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)侵染的分子机理提供基础数据。结果显示,刺参对照组和侵染组基因组总甲基化水平分别为(3.59±0.04)%和(3.87±0.27)%,侵染组甲基化水平显著升高;在发生甲基化的位点中,攻毒组和对照组的mCpG占比分别为83.06%和81.91%,mCpG为最主要的甲基化形式。本研究共筛选出差异甲基化区域(DMRs) 626 677个,注释到23 706个功能基因。转录组测序共检测到29 290个基因,筛选到差异表达基因496个,其中,上调基因214个,下调基因282个。在基因组甲基化与转录组的关联分析中,筛选到180个负相关关联基因,其中,差异甲基化区域位于启动子区域的负相关基因为60个。对负相关关联基因的GO和KEGG富集分析,筛选到相关通路和LRR、hsp20和CARD等关键基因。本研究将为解析刺参抗病的表观遗传调控机制提供数据,也为刺参抗病性状选育提供科学参考。     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)重要经济性状相关SNP标记的验证分析

本研究在前期构建的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)高密度遗传连锁图谱和QTL分析的基础上,筛选出26个与体长、体重、体宽、棘刺总数、抗病力相关的SNP位点,设计出可用于HRM检测的SNP扩增引物13对。在扩大群体中利用HRM小片段法对这13个刺参重要经济性状相关的候选SNP位点进行分型和多态性检测,并结合扩大群体的相关性状数据进行了QTL位点验证。多态性结果显示,13个位点中有3个单态性位点,其余10个多态性位点中有3个位点为低等位多态性,7个位点为中等位多态性。10个多态性位点的最小等位基因频率(MAF)介于0.016(SNP113)~ 0.332(SNP160)之间,平均值为0.173;各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.818(SNP9)之间,平均值为0.433;期望杂合度(He)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.834(SNP9)之间,平均值为0.402;多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.030(SNP113)~0.393(SNP160)之间,平均为0.248,有6个位点偏离Hardy- Weinberg平衡。QTL验证结果表明,SNP40和SNP160位点为与生长(体长、体重、体宽)相关的位点,各位点的优势基因型分别为SNP40(CC)和SNP160(AA);SNP88、SNP112和SNP126这3个位点为与抗病力相关的位点,各位点的优势基因型为SNP88(CC)、SNP112(AA)和SNP126(TT)。基于这5个位点构建生长和抗病二倍型,发现二倍型K1(CC AA TT)抗病力最强,S1(CC AA)、S3(CC AC)在生长方面优势显著,相关研究结果可为分子标记辅助育种在生产中应用提供基础数据。     

2005—2016年中国东海鲐鱼渔场的时空分布及与海表面温度的关联

根据2005—2016年7—9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的我国东海鲐鱼捕捞数据,结合关键因子海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST),计算各年鲐鱼渔场经纬度重心,量化鲐鱼渔场重心的时空变化。进一步分析捕捞努力量在经度、纬度以及SST上的分布规律,并基于聚类法筛选出代表年份,评估异常气候事件对鲐鱼渔场内SST及渔场重心时空分布的影响。研究结果显示,鲐鱼渔场重心具有明显的年际和月间变化,7—9月渔场逐渐向东北方向移动,且主要分布渔场SST为25～28℃。聚类分析将各月份渔场重心分为4类,其中2007和2015年渔场分布具有显著差异。此外,鲐鱼渔场内SST与尼诺指数具有显著的正相关关系,且代表年份2007和2015年分别对应拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件,当拉尼娜事件发生时,渔场内SST上升,渔场重心逐渐北移;而厄尔尼诺事件发生时,渔场内SST下降,渔场重心主要分布在南部海域。研究表明,中国东海鲐鱼渔场时空分布受到厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜调控的海表面温度变化的显著影响。     

麦冬水提物对猫肾细胞的影响研究

麦冬是我国传统中药之一,兼备保健和治疗作用。为了探究麦冬能否应用在宠物食品中,本试验以不同浓度的麦冬水提物(3.91 ～8000 μg/mL)为受试药物,从细胞的形态、增殖、凋亡及周期4个方面对猫肾细胞(F81)进行安全性评价。结果表明：在试验浓度范围内,麦冬水提物没有抑制F81的增殖,且在3.91～62.5 μg/mL的浓度范围内,凋亡及周期结果经统计学分析均无显著性差异,与对照组接近,且细胞形态良好。说明在一定浓度范围内,麦冬水提物对F81细胞无毒害作用。     

Prospects for the biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomatoes of the Mediterranean basin

Since its detection in the Mediterranean basin at the end of 2006 and later in other European countries, the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), has become a serious threat to tomato crops. In newly infested areas, it is especially problematic during the first years of its presence. Nevertheless, after 2–3 years, the incidence of T. absoluta has become less severe in certain areas. There are several factors contributing to this decline, such as the increase in growers' knowledge of pest behaviour and biology and the correct application of integrated pest control strategies. The impact of opportunistic native natural enemies (fortuitous biological control) should be considered as one of the key factors in this decline. In this review, available information on indigenous natural enemies is updated, and the current pest management approaches used against T. absoluta are addressed. Finally, future scenarios for biological control of this pest are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

3种不同体色刺参体壁营养成分的比较研究

本研究分别对青色、紫色和白色刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体壁的营养成分,包括蛋白、脂肪、粗多糖、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及微量元素进行了比较分析.结果显示,青色刺参蛋白含量显著低于紫色和白色刺参(P<0.05),脂肪含量三者无显著差异(P>0.05),青色刺参和紫色刺参的粗多糖含量高于白色刺参(P...     

低盐和高盐环境下刺参选育品系生长与摄食性能研究

为评价刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)耐盐品系选育效果,以G4、G5代刺参耐盐选育品系为研究对象,研究了其在低盐度和高盐度环境下的生长、摄食和消化生理的变化.结果显示,30 d实验期间,G4代和G5代2种规格选育刺参在不同盐度环境中的生长情况相似,在低盐环境中的末体重随着实验盐度的降低而下降,在高盐...