小叶杨基因资源异地保存及苗期生物学特性分析

分别从东北、西北和华北收集小叶杨各类资源。并建立了异地保存基因库。同时，对小叶杨资源苗期的生长、物候期、形态特征以及同工酶谱进行了观测和分析。     

切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术的研究进展及发展对策

切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术是一项高新技术。阐述了高压蔬菜保鲜的意义。介绍了高压蔬菜保鲜的特点、机理、设备及其研究进展，并对该项技术的发展提出了建议。     

Molecular based assessment of genetic diversity within Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.) in Tunisia

In this work, we report for the first time on the analysis of genetic diversity within a set of 36 Tunisian Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. ecotypes using RAPD markers.     

PN型木材阻燃防腐复合剂的研制

ＰＮ型木材用阻燃防腐复合剂是一种含有磷氮及防腐剂成分的浅绿色或无色透明液体，经该复合剂处理的木材试件，氧指数＞５０％。木垛法测定的结果是，当木材的复合剂吸收量达７０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上时，燃烧失重趋于稳定，失重率保持在２５％以下。４５°斜面燃烧法测定，复合剂处理材达难燃级水平。复合剂中含有２％的防腐剂时，真菌腐蚀后的试材重量损失率小于３％，能防止木材腐朽变质。复合剂处理材的部分力学性能、胶合、抗吸湿性稍有降低，但对油漆、金属腐蚀无影响。该复合剂适用于车辆木结构材及其他室内木材的处理。     

新防腐剂TWP橡胶木防腐试验

TWP防腐剂对木腐菌的毒性剂量为2.2—3.2kg/m~3,毒杀双钩异翅长蠹初龄幼虫的剂量为1.0kg/m~3,抑制蓝变菌和霉菌的毒性浓度分别为1％及1.5—2.0％,对雄性小鼠口服半致死剂量(LD_(50))为1301mg/kg,使用时对人、畜和环境比较安全,并保持木材原有色泽。生产性应用试验结果表明,橡胶木生材用2.0—2.5％TWP,满细胞法或振荡加压法处理,净药保持量4±0.7kg/m~3,防腐效果相当干硼酚合剂12kg/m~3,并优于进口防腐剂。     

大型鱼类干制标本的修复和保存研究

介绍了我所存放的40余件大型海洋渔业生物标本的制作年代与现状。近年对这些标本的修复进行了研究,通过实践探索,运用工艺技术,实行全面的修复和维护保养工程,取得了理想的效果,并总结这次修复技术工作的过程和方法,对干制标本的长久性保存和维护进行了探讨。     

Nisin处理对冷藏兔肉贮藏特性的影响研究

以细菌总数和一些理化特性(挥发性盐基氮、pH值和生物胺)为检测指标,研究了Nisin对兔肉在0~2℃贮藏下的保鲜效果。研究发现,贮藏7 d内,Nisin处理组的菌落总数随着贮藏期间的延长反而减少,当超过7 d以后,Nisin处理组的菌落总数开始增加,贮藏后期处理组的菌落总数同对照组差异不大。在贮藏期间内,Nisin处理组的TVB-N值和尸胺的含量都低于对照组。通过PCR-DGGE发现,Nisin处理完全抑制了溶酪大球菌的生长,但是对污染的其他革兰氏阴性菌,如假单胞菌和气单胞菌没有抑制作用。研究结果说明冷鲜兔肉贮藏期间,通过Nisin处理只能通过抑制革兰氏阳性菌(如溶酪大球菌)的生长来起到短期的保鲜作用。     

Bio-based Coating from Fish Gelatin,K-Carrageenan and Extract of Pomegranate Peels for Maintaining the Overall Qualities of Fish Fillet

ABSTRACT

To maintain the overall quality of fisheries products, functional edible coatings from natural ingredients including fish gelatin (Gf), k-carrageenan (Cr), and extract of pomegranate peels (PPE) were composed. The Gf was extracted from blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), microencapsulated with Cr, and then loaded with PPE (at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of Gf/Cr composites verified their cross-linkage and functionality; the Gf/Cr microcapsules had a mean particle size of 36.2 µm with good distribution and homogeneity. The coating of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets, with constructed solutions from Gf/Cr/PPE, revealed their positive effects on fillet quality attributes; the effectiveness was dependent on the supplemented PPE concentration. The Gf/Cr/PPE solutions could effectively reduce the microbial counts of total aerobics, psychrotrophs, yeast and molds, and enterobacteriaceae groups throughout 30 days of refrigerated storage. Additionally, the analysis of spoilage chemical parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in coated samples indicated that formulated solutions could hinder the increase of their values during storage. The sensorial evaluation indicated the acceptability and validity of coated samples for up to 30 days of storage. Gf/Cr/PPE coating is recommended for overall quality maintenance of fish fillets and prolongation of storage using safe and healthy biopreservatives.     

Assessment of the performance of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae fed with fresh and preserved Pavlova lutheri concentrates

The Prymnesiophycea Pavlova lutheriwas produced using a traditional technique (batch mode in carboys) and by an innovative technique (semi-continuous mode in alveolarphotobioreactor). Two experimental feedingtrials were carried out with Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae with freshand preserved (4 °C and 1 °C)P. lutheri concentrates used inmonospecific and bispecific diets, incombination with fresh Chaetoceroscalcitrans forma pumilum. Nodifferences in terms of gross composition andlarval performance were noticed between thefresh algae biomass produced by the twotechniques. The low temperatures allowedpreservation of the nutritionalcharacteristics of the P. lutheri freshculture for the time period considered (27days). The P. lutheri concentratespreserved at 4 °C or 1 °C didnot differ substantially in terms ofnutritional value. Larvae fed a monospecificdiet of P. lutheri, both fresh andpreserved, exhibited a modest growth rate (<2.1 µm day^–1), in some cases notsignificantly different from that observed inthe unfed larvae (the control), and a lowsurvival rate. In contrast, when Chaetoceros calcitrans forma pumilumwas used as a monospecific diet, good growthperformance (>4.5 µm day^–1) and ahigh survival rate (>86%) were observed inlarvae. A substitution of 50% (trial 1) or80% (trial 2) of fresh C. calcitransforma pumilum with the preserved P. lutheri concentrates did not adverselyaffect growth rate or survival of C.gigas larvae.     

香辛料液对草鱼块保鲜效果的影响

根据淡水鱼存在的贮藏问题,就香辛料液对草鱼鱼块保鲜效果进行了初步研究。采用水浴浸提的姜蒜大料-黄酒复合液(甲液)和超声浸提的姜蒜大料—黄酒复合液(乙液)对新鲜草鱼鱼块进行处理,通过测定货架期草鱼鱼肉的游离水含量、pH值、挥发性盐基总氮(TVBN)以及感官评分,研究了香辛料液对草鱼块的保鲜效果。结果表明:复合液能够有效地保持鱼肉货价期感官品质,并能有效延缓pH值和TVBN值的升高,且超声浸提的乙液效果较为明显。