葡萄品种需冷量及打破休眠研究

对上海地区葡萄促成栽培的几个主要品种的休眠需冷量进行了调查,发现在供试的5个品种中以里扎马特的需冷量最低,自然条件下仅为447.5h;其次为京亚和巨峰,需冷量均低于1000h;绯红和无核白鸡心需冷量最高,均超过1000h。由此推算,上海地区葡萄结束自然休眠的时间在1月上旬至2月中旬。打破休眠的试验表明以20%石灰氮12月中旬处理效果最佳。     

不同化学物质打破葡萄、桃休眠的研究

以保护地栽培的葡萄、桃为试材,对氰氨类、细胞分裂素、赤霉酸和KNO3打破休眠的效果进行了研究。结果表明,1.5%单氰氨、11%石灰氮可明显促使葡萄提前萌芽,提早着色9-10d;50mg/LGA3和100mg/L6-BA对打破休眠基本无效。TDZ与单氰氨混用提高萌芽率的效果最好。在2个葡萄品种上,均没有观察到单氰氨或石灰氮处理对果穗或果实品质性状的不良影响。在华光油桃上,没有观察到化学物质对提早开花或成熟有明显的作用。对葡萄和桃上应用化学物质打破休眠的有关问题进行了讨论。     

短时间高温处理下桃芽淀粉和可溶性糖含量变化与自然休眠解除的关系

以6年生曙光油桃为试材,研究40℃、45℃、50℃3个梯度高温短时间处理对花芽和叶芽的存活率、萌芽级数以及淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响,探讨短时间高温处理对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应。结果表明:随短时间高温处理时期的推迟,处理温度的升高,处理持续时间的延长,短时间高温处理对桃芽自然休眠的解除作用增强。11月30日高温处理中,40℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除呈负调控效应,其萌芽级数和可溶性糖含量均低于对照,而淀粉含量高于对照;45℃和50℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除呈正调控效应,其萌芽级数和可溶性糖含量与对照相比明显升高,而淀粉含量显著降低,虽然部分花芽和叶芽因高温处理而死亡,但是在存活芽中短时间高温对桃芽自然休眠的解除作用明显增强。12月10日高温处理中,40℃高温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的调控效应不明显,45℃和50℃高温处理和11月30日处理相同,具有正调控效应,只是前者对桃芽自然休眠的解除效果优于后者。不同高温处理桃芽的萌芽级数和淀粉含量及可溶性糖含量之间的相关性分析表明,淀粉含量的降低,可溶性糖含量的升高即淀粉向可溶性糖的快速转变是高温解除休眠的部分原因。     

化学脱叶对桃自然休眠的调控效应

以两年生曙光油桃为试材,研究不同时期不同化学物质的脱叶效果和打破休眠的效应,结果表明:8%NH4NO3的脱叶效果最好,但对树体有严重药害,综合考虑以8%尿素为优选脱叶试剂;化学脱叶使萌芽提早6~8d,但仅使花期提前2~4d日对叶芽的作用效果显著;化学脱叶明显降低了花芽碳水化合物含量、自然坐果率和花粉生活力,使花期延长,但对完全花比例无显著影响。     

扁穗雀麦种子休眠机理的初步研究

扁穗雀麦种子形态成熟后15 d对其进行质量评定,结果表明,其千粒重为11.6 g,在常温(25～30℃)下种子发芽率为15.5％。3个月后,通过几种不同的处理,测定其处理后的发芽率,结果表明对照发芽率为35％,较15 d试验种子发芽率明显提高,说明其休眠和种子收获后的贮存时间相关,随着贮存时间的延长其休眠程度下降。KNO_3处理种子发芽率提高了6％,土床培养提高了23％,灭菌片+KNO_3处理提高了25％;H_2SO_4、灭菌片和H_2O_2均不同程度地抑制了扁穗雀麦种子的发芽,分别降低了31.25％、10％和30％。这说明种子的休眠和种子内抑制物的存在具有密切关系,但具体抑制物的种类和存在部位有待进一步研究。     

芸薹属种子休眠特性的研究——Ⅲ.不同发芽促进剂及热震荡对油菜种子的破眠效果

本文研究了不同发芽促进剂及热震荡对芸薹属的不同种质的破眠效果,结果表明:(1)野生或自生种质的种子与栽培种质相比,均有较深的休眠性,其中尤以云南野生白菜(Brassiacampestris L.)及新疆毛芥(B.xinjiangensis Y.Z.Lan)的休眠性为强。(2)GA_2结合其他发芽促进剂与单独GA_2处理,对种子的萌发都有明显的促进作用,破眠程度(DBE)值在0.78—0.86之间,两者之间不存在显著差异,但是不同种质的DBE变化较大,以较深休眠的自生芥菜(B.juncea L.)效果最差。(3)热震荡对于解除芸薹属自生芥菜种子休眠的效果更差,劣于200ppm GA_3。     

亚热带地区冷季型草坪草夏季休眠控制研究

通过了解冷季型草坪草的特性,研究冷季型草坪草在夏季的生长状况和一些相关生理指标,找出冷季型草坪草夏季休眠的原因和耐热性机理,从而推广冷季型草坪草在园林绿地中的广泛应用,促进我国园林绿化事业的迅猛发展。     

草莓休眠过程中内源激素含量的变化

研究了草莓休眠过程中,内源ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ（玉米素）含量变化。结果表明,同种内源激素在露地和保护地栽培条件下变化趋势相似。深休眠和浅休眠品种同种内源激素含量变化趋势相似,但含量变化在时间上有所差异。     

Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial chilling and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp.

Stem cuttings of peach, nectarine, plum and apricot, obtained from 1-year-old shoots at leaf drop in autumn, were exposed at a constant 3.0 ± 0.1 °C to simulate different chilling accumulation treatments (0, 500, and 1000 chilling hours). A set of 10 excised shoots was forced to budbreak after chilling accumulation; a second set of 10 excised shoots was used to analyse sugars, starch, and ammonium-, nitric- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues. Sorbitol, fructose and glucose were the main sugars in the bark tissues, whereas sucrose and rafinose showed the lowest quantities in all Prunus sp. studied. Sorbitol and starch concentration decreased whereas glucose and fructose concentration increased with chilling. Ammonium-nitrogen showed the more dramatic increase with medium chilling treatment, decreasing again at high chilling exposure. No modifications in proteinaceous- and nitric-nitrogen levels were observed due to chilling. Chilling treatments increasing flowering intensity showed high ammonium- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues of the stem cuttings, whereas those reducing flowering intensity showed high starch and nitric-nitrogen content, in three of the four Prunus sp. studied. Ammonium-nitrogen content gives the highest correlation with flowering intensity.     

Germination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus procera</Emphasis> seeds in response to stratification and smoke treatments,and detection of insect-damaged seeds with VIS + NIR spectroscopy

Seeds of Juniperus procera collected from five provenances across its geographic range in Ethiopia were subjected to cold-moist stratification at 5°C or 10°C for 6–12 weeks. The effect of aqueous smoke solution in overcoming the light requirement for germination, and the potential of visible (VIS) and near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for sorting sound and insect-damaged seeds were also investigated. Highly significant differences in germination were detected among provenances (P < 0.0001) and stratification periods (P < 0.0001), but not between temperature regimes (P=0.111). Seeds from the south and southeast distribution ranges had higher percentage germination after 6 weeks of stratification than seeds collected from north, northwest and central ranges of distribution. The smoke treatment did not affect germination regardless of whether the seeds were exposed to light. Exposure to light increased germination capacity three fold. Sound and damaged seeds were distinguished with 90% accuracy using VIS + NIR spectroscopy. It can be concluded that dormancy in juniper seeds varies with provenances, and cold stratification for 6 weeks alleviates dormancy in some seed lots. Tentatively, smoke treatment seems ineffective in overcoming photo-dormancy in juniper seeds. VIS + NIR spectroscopy has demonstrated a great potential for sorting damaged seeds, thereby upgrading seed lot purity.