“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径研究

陕西作为丝绸之路的发源地，以其有利的自然生态条件和区域产业结构，形成了以茶叶为主导的产业发展格局。目前，陕西省茶叶出口规模不大，市场占有率较低。在“一带一路”倡议的推动下，陕西省茶叶出口至沿线国家的潜力较大，未来将逐步呈上升态势。研究了“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商市场发展现状和存在的问题，提出陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径，通过借力跨境电商平台、开拓国际市场、稳固绿茶品牌、布局海外仓解决出口难的问题，以及完善跨境电商法律秩序，拓展陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径。      

Beaver dams,streamflow complexity,and the distribution of a rare minnow,Lepidomeda copei

Freshwater fishes are threatened globally, and often too little is known about threatened species to effectively guide their conservation. Habitat complexity is linked to fish species diversity and persistence, and degraded streams often lack habitat complexity. Beaver Castor spp., in turn, have been used to restore streams and increase habitat complexity. The northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei is a rare, small‐bodied, drift‐feeding minnow that has anecdotally been observed to use complex habitats associated with beaver dams in the western United States. To investigate this anecdote, we conducted fish and habitat surveys, the latter focusing on quantifying habitat complexity, in a sub‐basin of the Upper Snake River Basin in the USA. Complementary generalised linear model and path analyses revealed that northern leatherside chub occurred more often at sites with complex streamflows, and streamflows were more complex when beaver dams were present and pools were deeper. Northern leatherside chubs were also more likely to occur when temperatures were warmer, aquatic macrophytes were abundant and stream channels were narrow and deep. The linkage between chubs, complex streamflows and beaver dams needs to be evaluated more broadly to completely understand its role in the rangewide status of the species. However, it does suggests that increased use of beaver reintroductions and dam analogues for stream restoration could be a boon for the northern leatherside chub, but such efforts should be monitored to determine their effectiveness to help adapt beaver‐based restoration approaches to best benefit the species.     

基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法

为解决农田平地机无人驾驶作业时缺乏局部规划，进而实现平地路径在线调整的问题，以平地作业土方合理运卸且路径最短为目的，提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法。基于农田三维地势模型，采用改进的蚁群算法规划三维路径：以平地作业土方运载为决策方向，建立新的路径搜索节点，对比平地机作业时平地铲运载土方量和经过栅格计算所需的挖填土方量，根据土方运载任务设置信息素更新规则和启发函数，获取农田平地的最佳三维路径；基于平地机的运动学模型，设置农田平地机转向约束条件，根据约束条件对路径进行平滑优化，并建立三维路径规划的效果评价标准。仿真结果表明：相比于原始蚁群算法，该方法的路径规划效果评价指标提高33.3%以上，可以更好地指导农田平地机实现局部平地任务，而且大大缩短了路径生成时间和路径长度，使路径更为平滑，更适用于辅助农田平地的自动导航作业。     

百脉根单株产量主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析

通过对百脉根单株的11个农艺性状的相关分析,结果表明:分枝长度(X2)、分枝节间数(X3)、分枝茎粗(X4)、侧枝数(X6)、侧枝长度(X7)、侧枝节间数(X8)、侧枝茎粗(X9)对单株产量(Y)的作用达到极显著水平,分枝数(X1)、自然高度(X11)与单株产量的相关性达到显著水平,而分枝叶柄长度(X5)、侧枝叶柄长度(X10)则与产量的相关性不显著.通径分析结果表明:各性状对产量的直接效应从大到小依次为:分枝长度(1.121 6)>分枝节间数(0.346 3)>侧枝长度(0.114 6)>分枝数(0.106 4)>分枝茎粗(0.084 6)>侧枝节间数(0.034 2)>侧枝茎粗(0.028 9)>侧枝数(0.021 6)>侧枝叶柄长度(-0.043 6)>分枝叶柄长度(-0.065 4)>自然高度(-0.748 2).     

特优175高产结构分析和配套栽培技术探讨

特优175分蘖力中强、穗大粒重、株型理想、高产稳产.经调查分析,其高产结构中,以每穗结实粒数的变异(cv=17.20%)最大,与产量相关最密切(r=0.591 1**,对产量的通径(p=1.035 6)和净贡献率(pr=0.612 1)最大;其次为有效穗(cv=10.40%,p=0.709 5,r=0.184 4,pr=0.130 8);千粒重是品种的稳定性状,对产量的贡献有限.每公顷产量7 500 kg左右的适宜产量结构为:每公顷250万穗,每穗结实120粒、千粒重28 g左右.在保持一定的穗数下,较高的每穗结实粒数是高产栽培的主攻重点.配套栽培技术是:(1)适时播种,培育壮秧;(2)适时移栽,合理密植(每公顷基本苗150～180万);(3)合理调控水肥,每公顷施纯氮150～180 kg,氧化钾120～160 kg,五氧化二磷60～80 kg;(4)综合防治病虫害.     

利用通径分析研究土壤不同形态硫对有机质的影响

用通径分析的方法分析了不同形态硫对土壤有机质的作用。结果表明 :在影响土壤有机质的诸多硫组分中 ,以全硫为主 ,其次是未知态硫和全硫的共同作用 ,再次是碳键硫和全硫的共同作用 ,脂键硫排在第九位。有机硫起主要作用     

亚麻工艺长相关性状的通径分析

本试验以6个普通亚麻品种为材料,进行工艺长相关性状的通径分析。结果表明,5个相关性状对工艺长度影响大小顺序为:单株粒重>单株粒数>千粒重>株高>主茎分枝数。降低单株粒重是提高工艺长度的主要途径。在千粒重、单株粒重相对稳定的类型中,选择植株较高、单株粒数较多者,或在株高、单株粒数相对稳定的类型中,选择千粒重较高者是提高工艺长度的重要途径。减少主茎分枝数亦可有效提高工艺长度,但作用较小。     

Response of confection sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in a semi‐arid environment to planting date and early termination of irrigation

Adjustments on planting date and on the time to terminate irrigation may reduce agricultural water use. However, such management practices in regions with extreme weather conditions have the potential to negatively affect yield. A 3‐year (2012–2014) study was conducted on a clay‐loam soil in a cool, semi‐arid environment to (i) determine the response of confection sunflower to planting date and irrigation termination timing and (ii) identify the relative importance of yield components in irrigated confection sunflower across planting dates. Early May planting had considerable negative effects on all studied variables, except on the percentage of large seeds. The highest yield of total and large seeds was obtained from the late May plantings, averaging 3,777 and 3,379 kg/ha, respectively. None of the irrigation strategies affected the measured variables. However, the interaction between planting date and termination of irrigation significantly affected the 1,000‐seed weight. Our study revealed the last week of May as suitable planting period for confection sunflower in the semi‐arid north‐western region of Wyoming, USA, and that irrigation on heavy soils may be terminated as early as at R5.5 stage without a significant yield reduction. The path‐coefficient analysis indicated head diameter and the number of seeds per head as important traits that significantly influence the yield of confection sunflower across planting dates.     

我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制研究*

体工队“三级训练网”、俱乐部、院校化是我国竞技体育人才培养的三个主要路径。研究运用文献研究、专家访谈等方法，解析各个培养路径的机制结构,分析不同培养路径的矛盾问题和解决思路，在培养主体、培养目标、人才输送三个方面提出我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制。     

湖南省生姜资源主要农艺性状鉴定评价

研究旨在对湖南省47份生姜种质资源的15个数量性状和10个质量性状进行分析,以期探索湖南省各地生姜资源间的亲缘关系及变异特性,为湖南省生姜种质评价与新品种创制提供理论依据。用Excel及SPSS等对调查收集的农艺性状进行分析,结果表明,湖南省生姜资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数范围为13.22%~40.13%;聚类分析中,47份生姜资源分为2类4个亚组,其中第I类群的41份资源为密苗型资源,第II类群的6份资源为疏苗型资源,亚组I和亚组IV近似纺锤状;亚组II和亚组III近似灯泡状;主成分分析中,提取出的3个主成分累计贡献率达83.078%,分别命名为高产型形态因子、低产型形态因子和产量的叶部因子;相关性分析中,根状茎、株形、地上茎、子姜、叶部等形态因子与根状茎质量呈极显著正相关,分枝数和主茎叶数与根状茎质量呈极显著负相关,表明植株高大,分枝少,地上茎粗壮,根状茎、子姜粗长的品种单株根状茎质量相对更高;通径分析中,主茎叶数、分枝数对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为负,而根状茎、地上茎粗、子姜长、株高等对根状茎质量的直接通径系数为正,表明在一定范围内,生姜植株高大、地上茎秆粗壮、分枝少、叶片较少,根状茎粗长、子姜长的生姜品种具有高产潜力。该试验解析了湖南省生姜资源各主要农艺性状对根状茎质量形成的贡献大小,为更好地指导湖南省生姜生产提供了理论依据。