海南豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性测定

就海南省崖城、金江、通什和两院地区豇豆上的豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性进行了初步调查与研究。试验结果表明,不同地区豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性存在明显差异。崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV均表现出较强的抗药性。以两院地区豇豆蚜作为敏感品系,崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯、DDV的LC50抗性比值分别为21.86倍、22.78倍、17.88倍、13.49倍和10.91倍、12.59倍、11.47倍和13.49倍。通什地区的豇豆蚜对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV的抗性也有一定的提高,与两院种群LC50抗性比值分别为1.58倍、12.27倍、4.45倍和2.28倍。而且崖城、金江和通什地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV抗性种群的异质性很强。     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations of Glossina tachinoides in West Africa. II. Calibration of Equipment and Insecticide Dispersal

Abstract

Trials were carried out in Upper Volta to assess equipment for the application of insecticides as aerosol from helicopters for the control of riverine tsetse flies (G. tachinoides). Flying techniques were developed to direct aerosols in the downwash of the helicopter to tsetse breeding sites close to the water's edge. Good penetration of droplets below the riverine canopy was achieved during the late afternoon and early morning when weather conditions were very stable.     

Variation of Musca domestica L. acetylcholinesterase in Danish housefly populations

Anti-cholinesterase resistance is in many cases caused by modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE). A comparison was made of toxicological data and AChE activity gathered from 21 field populations and nine laboratory strains of houseflies, Musca domestica L., to elucidate the best way of generating data to provide advice for management strategies and gathering information for resistance risk assessment on the organophosphates azamethiphos and dimethoate and the carbamate methomyl, which have been the primary insecticides used against adult houseflies in Denmark. Cluster analysis was performed and > 2000 houseflies were assigned to one of three phenotypes based on total acetylcholinesterase activity as well as inhibition by azamethiphos, methomyl or omethoate. A cluster, i.e. a phenotype, with high total AChE activity and high sensitivity to azamethiphos and less sensitivity to inhibition by methomyl and omethoate was shown to be linked to methomyl resistance. It was not possible to define any clusters that could be linked to azamethiphos or dimethoate resistance. The five mutations V180L, G262A, G262V, F327Y and G365A causing anticholinesterase resistance in houseflies were all identified in the Danish housefly strains. The data are very heterogeneous, and a correlation of molecular genetic background and resistance of phenotypes is not obvious with the available data.     

灭多威的高效液相色谱分析

本文介绍了采用高效液相色谱法，在反相ＯＤＳ柱上，以甲醇，水作流动相，紫外检测器进行检测，采用内标法定量，对灭多威原药及制剂进行了分析，方法具有线性范围宽，准确度高，重现性好及样中处理简单，分析速度快等特点，适于工业生产控制及产品质量监控。     

雍菜对受灭多威污染养殖水体的净化及对鱼类生长的影响

灭多威属高毒农药，其可经地表淋溶等途径污染养殖水体。为了研究雍菜对水体中灭多威及其他水质指标的净化效能以及对罗非鱼生长的影响。以灭多威、罗非鱼、雍菜和室内养殖系统为试材，根据《水和废水监测分析方法》中的方法测得水质指标数据，以液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)测得水体中灭多威浓度，以试剂盒测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量（DTNB法）、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性（WST-1法）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性（紫外法）。研究结果表明，罗非鱼的生长速度随着水体中灭多威浓度的上升而降低。受灭多威污染可致罗非鱼肝脏氧化压力增大，SOD、CAT和GSH的活性发生变化。雍菜可通过机体吸收有效降低养殖水体中灭多威的含量，对0~20 μg/L灭多威污染水体中TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N等具一定的净化作用，并可减轻罗非鱼肝脏的氧化应激。研究显示，水体种植雍菜可有效减轻灭多威对水体的污染，保证鱼类的生长。     

雍菜对受灭多威污染养殖水体的净化及对鱼类生长的影响

灭多威属高毒农药,其可经地表淋溶等途径污染养殖水体。为了研究雍菜对水体中灭多威及其他水质指标的净化效能以及对罗非鱼生长的影响,以灭多威、罗非鱼、雍菜和室内养殖系统为试材,根据《水和废水监测分析方法》中的方法测得水质指标数据,以液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)测得水体中灭多威浓度,以试剂盒测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量（DTNB法）、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性（WST-1法）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性（紫外法）。研究结果表明,罗非鱼的生长速度随着水体中灭多威浓度的上升而降低。受灭多威污染可致罗非鱼肝脏氧化压力增大,SOD、CAT和GSH的活性发生变化。雍菜可通过机体吸收有效降低养殖水体中灭多威的含量,对受灭多威污染水体中TN、NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N、NO₂ ^--N等具一定的净化作用,并可减轻罗非鱼肝脏的氧化应激。研究显示,水体种植雍菜可有效减轻灭多威对水体的污染,保证鱼类的生长。     

气相色谱法测定烟草中灭多威残留量

 烟草样品中的灭多威残留用乙酸乙酯提取,再经碱解、液液分配净化等步骤除去干扰物质，用极性毛细管柱（DB-FFAP）分离、氮磷检测器（NPD）测定。方法最小检出量（LOD）为0.01ng,最低检出浓度（LOQ）为0.01 mg/kg；添加浓度为0.1～1.0 mg/kg时，平均回收率为88.9%～91.7%，相对标准偏差（RSD）<15%（n=4）。方法准确、灵敏、无杂质干扰，数据准确可靠，可用于烟草中灭多威残留量的检测。     

Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Carbamate Insecticides Treated Soil

Treatment of clay loam soil with carbaryl (sevin), thiodicarb (larvin) and methomyl (lannate) at field and 10 folds the recommended doses showed a variable effect on population of total bacteria, azotobacters and nitrifying bacteria, in addition to the soil content of total soluble salts; the effect differed according to the herbicide and the dose level. The bacterial population was significantly increased in the first five days of treatment, then a decrease was recorded. The increase in the microbial population and total soluble salts were proportion to the levels of the insecticides. Moreover, supplementation of glucose to the soil caused substantial increase over that in the insecticide and/or glucose free soils.