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排序方式: 共有172条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Effects of winter wheat cultivars and seed rate on the biological characteristics of naturally occurring weed flora 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Differential competitive ability of six winter wheat cultivars and traits that confer such attributes were investigated for a range of seed rates in the presence or absence of weeds for a naturally occurring weed flora in two successive years in split-plot field experiments. Crop height and tillering capacity were considered suitable attributes for weed suppression, although competitiveness is a relative rather than an absolute characteristic. Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon were the most competitive cultivars whereas Fresco was the least competitive. Manipulation of seed rate was a more reliable factor than cultivar selection for enhancement of weed suppression, although competitiveness of cultivars Buster, Riband and Maris Widgeon was not enhanced by increased seed rate. Crop densities ranging between 125 and 270 plants m−2 were found to offer adequate weed suppression. Linear relationships were observed between individual and total weed species dry weight and reproductive structures per unit area. 相似文献
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研究了B隐种烟粉虱为害的棉株对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响以及甜菜夜蛾为害的棉株对B隐种烟粉虱生长发育的影响。结果表明:被40头/株初孵的烟粉虱1龄若虫取食6 d后的棉株对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫相对生长率产生显著负面影响(P<0. 05), 而分别被50头/株和200头/株烟粉虱初孵若虫取食至3龄时的棉株对后继取食的甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活率没有显著影响; 始终被2头/株甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫为害的棉株上的烟粉虱3龄龄期、4龄龄期及1龄至成虫总历期显著延长(P<0.05), 且被害棉株对烟粉虱产卵量有极显著的影响, 而对棉株上烟粉虱的存活率无显著影响, 但各龄期存活率都稍降低。 相似文献
4.
María Inés Santín-Montanyá Encarnación Zambrana-Quesada José Luis Tenorio-Pasamón 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(12):1705-1713
Weed abundance in crops undergoes frequent changes, often due to changes in tillage practices. Annual species, with quick germination, a short vegetative stage, profuse seed production and long-lived seeds become problematic under zero-tillage systems. Portulaca oleracea L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. are widespread weeds in the Mediterranean area, prominent in irrigated crops. We studied the total weed abundance in the field, and specifically these two species (Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus blitoides) with high frequency of occurrence in monoculture maize, from 2012 to 2014, in the field and soil seedbank. Results showed significant differences between zero-tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on total weed abundance and relative abundance of Portulaca oleracea. Total weed abundance decreased in ZT plots (from 136 plants m?2 to 25 and 46 plants m?2, in 2013 and 2014 respectively). The same trend was observed in Portulaca oleracea recorded in ZT plots, but the abundance of Amaranthus blitoides did not vary in this system. Weed seedling germination and weed seed numbers both of total weed seedbank and Portulaca oleracea, were greater in ZT plots compared to CT, regarding Amaranthus blitoides seedling germination and seed count, the values did not increase with ZT, in continuous maize crops. 相似文献
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Q型烟粉虱为害对不同辣椒品种叶绿素及营养物质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确辣椒品种对烟粉虱的抗性机制,以不同抗性程度的辣椒为试验材料,研究了其受Q型烟粉虱危害后体内生理指标的变化。结果显示,Q型烟粉虱危害后,辣椒叶绿素和可溶性糖含量均较对照(未接虫)增加,其中抗性品种(苏椒5号、新研988椒王)叶绿素含量增加显著(P0.05);可溶性糖含量以抗性品种增幅最大(P0.05),中抗品种(萧新九号、湘辛三号)次之(P0.05),感虫品种(港上红尖椒、大禹牛角王)的增幅最小。烟粉虱危害后所有参试品种除中抗品种湘辛三号外,其余品种的可溶性蛋白含量均较对照降低;所有参试品种的游离脯氨酸含量均显著降低(P0.05),感虫品种港上红尖椒、大禹牛角王的游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于高抗及中抗品种(P0.05)。因此,辣椒品种对Q型烟粉虱的抗性强弱与叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量有关,而与可溶性蛋白含量无明显相关。 相似文献
7.
Sayin F Dinçer S Karaer Z Cakmak A Inci A Yukari BA Eren H Vatansever Z Nalbantoglu S 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(6):521-539
An epidemiological survey for Theileria annulata infection was conducted in 12 selected villages around Ankara in Central Anatolia, Turkey, during the period April 1990 to January 1993. During the survey, 198 cattle of 30 local breeds, 84 Holstein-Friesian×local breeds and 84 Holstein-Friesian breed were examined for antibodies to T. annulata and the presence of the vector ticks. Four species of Hyalomma ticks were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavtum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Salivary gland staining indicated that infected adult ticks of all four species were present and, therefore, were implicated in the transmission of tropical theileriosis in the field. Generally, the Hyalomma infestation rate was low, with the heaviest infestations occurring on the older animals. Young adults and calves had very low infestation rates. Most ticks seen on cattle were adults, very few nymphs were found. The blood smear and serological examination of the 198 cattle conducted in March, before the start of the first disease season, showed that the prevalence of piroplasmosis was 11.1% (22 out of 198) and the seroprevalence of T. annulata was 10.6% (21 out of 198). Forty-three animals were then excluded from the study because they were seropositive and/or harboured piroplasms. Ninety-two seronegative animals showed piroplasmosis (92 out of 155) and 34 seronegative animals became seropositive for T. annulata (34 out of 155) during the three disease seasons. One animal became clinically ill with tropical theileriosis and required treatment. The incidence of cattle showing piroplasmosis and disease in the total study sample was 50.7% and 0.5% per disease season, respectively. The seroconversion rate of new infection with T. annulata in the total study was 14.3% per animal season. The number of cattle showing piroplasmosis was much greater than the number of seropositive cattle, which may indicate the presence of another species of Theileria. The two different management systems encountered in the study were considered to have influenced the tick infestation levels. 相似文献
8.
A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of plant yield responses to artificial infestations of the false
chinch bug (FCB)Nysius raphanus (Howard) on spring canola in Colorado, USA. Yield losses were greater when infestation occurred at the early flowering stage
(EFS) than at the early pod stage (EPS), in both 2001 and 2002. In the first trial in 2001, with infestations of 10, 20 and
40 FCB/head, the respective average yield losses over all cultivars were 43%, 68% and 69%, respectively, compared with the
non-infested control at the EFS, but 11%, 26% and 23% at the EPS. In the second trial in 2001, with infestations of 10, 20
and 40 FCB/head, the respective average yield losses over all cultivars were 26%, 58% and 55% at the early EFS, but 35%, 20%
and 35% at the EPS. Yield reductions from FCB infestation were lower in 2002 than in 2001. In the first trial in 2002, with
infestations of 10, 20 and 40 FCB/head, the respective average yield losses of all cultivars combined were 31%, 51% and 68%
at the EFS, and 13%, 32% and 18% at the EPS. However, in the second trial in 2002, with the same numbers of FCB per head,
no yield reductions were observed at either EFS or EPS. The number of FCB causing 10% yield loss in the four trials ranged
from 6.1 to 39.4 FCB/head (avg. 14.8) following infestation at the EFS and 15.4–109.8 (avg. 41.8) following infestation at
the EPS. Cultivar responses to FCB may also influence FCB yield reductions. However, in these studies all eight tested cultivars
sustained yield loss in at least one trial at some FCB infestation level. Variation between trials was substantial but a significant
level of resistance to FCB injury did not occur among the tested cultivars.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 18, 2006. 相似文献
9.
大豆锈病研究现状与进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
大豆锈病近年在东南亚、南美洲发展迅速,对大豆生产威胁越来越大,尤其2004年11月登陆美国大陆,更引起大豆研究者、大豆生产国和进口国的极大关注。本文介绍了近年国际上大豆锈病的研究进展,主要包括大豆锈病的发现、地理分布、病原、症状、寄主范围、病原菌生理分化和防治技术研究等。 相似文献
10.
Bruchidius andrewesi Pic. has been recorded as a serious pest of pods and seeds of Acacia tortilis in the Thar desert of India. Pest infestation on developing pods and its relationship with morphological traits is reported. Pod infestation varied from 5 to 19% with 5–29% infestation of seeds. Infestation of pods is directly related to infestation of seed (r = 0.72**), and both pod and seed infestation are also directly correlated with loss in seed biomass (r = 0.79** and R = 0.88**). The infestation of pods starts in November and increases steady until harvest. Seeds kept in the laboratory for further studies were found to be 100% infested with B. andrewesi, as the insect multiplied faster under these conditions. The heavy infestation is damaging not only to A. tortilis but also to other leguminous trees of the desert. Bruchidius andrewesi has also been found on pods and seeds of Prosopis cineraria, an important indigenous tree of the region. 相似文献