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1.
近15年新疆伊犁河谷草地退化时空变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以伊犁河谷为研究区,利用MODIS NDVI数据及像元二分模型,反演草地植被覆盖度,以草地植被覆盖度为评价标准,结合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据及Getis-Ord Gi*冷/热点分析方法,对伊犁河谷2001-2015年草地退化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明,1)受持续过度放牧及气候条件影响,2001-2015年伊犁河谷草地整体持续退化,15年内退化草地比例达46.18%,但退化以轻度为主;2)空间上退化草地的分布范围逐步向高海拔区域扩展,海拔1 500-3 000 m的中山和中高山区退化草地扩张最明显;3)草地生态保护政策的实施减缓了草地退化速度,草地退化与改善的空间差异逐渐明显,以退化为主的单一变化趋势有所改变;4)利用NDVI反演植被覆盖度对草地退化进行评价的方法存在对高植被覆盖区域草地退化敏感性相对较弱的缺陷。 相似文献
2.
Eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang Valley of Guilin is defined as the minimum water volume required by the valley to maintain the eco-environmental quality not to be degraded over time.By using the site survey data,the eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang valley is studied preliminarily.The results calculated indicate that: the out-stream eco-environmental water demand is about 14.9 million m3 per year,about 4 percent of annual runoff of the valley;and the in-stream eco-environmental water requirement is about 109.8 million m3 per year,about 30 percent of annual runoff.This study provides scientific basis for local sustainable water resources use and management as well as for eco-environmental water requirement study in similar regions in terms of Karst geological condition and climate. 相似文献
3.
Highly productive, irrigated agriculturecan be found in California's Central Valleymade up of the Sacramento, San Joaquin, andTulare Lake basins. High water tablesthroughout much of the San Joaquin andTulare Lake portions of the Valley threatenthis highly productive region. Due totopographic and environmental constraintsmuch of the region is currently withoutdrainage. In 1990 State and Federalgovernment agencies combined to produce areport that outlined possible steps to dealwith the drainage issue. These stepsincluded: 1) Source control (practices toreduce the amount of drainage water); 2)Drainage reuse; 3) Evaporation systems; 4)Land retirement (cease irrigation); 5)Groundwater management; and 6) Discharge tothe San Joaquin River. General backgroundinformation to the history and hydrology ofthe Valley as well as a discussion of thefeasibility and constraints of providingdrainage by discharging drain water to theSan Joaquin River are presented. Inaddition a general discussion of thetechnical and political limitations ofproviding drainage in the River arediscussed. 相似文献
4.
人类活动对湟水流域生态环境的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
湟水流域属青藏高原同黄土高原的过渡带,是青海省经济、文化最发达的地区,也是近代青藏高原受人为经济活动影响最强烈的地区之一。由于流域的社会经济活动急剧发展,人口剧增,人类活动不断加强和扩大,使这里脆弱的生态环境发生了重大变化,表现为:现代工业的产生,工业污染日趋严重;湟水径流量逐年减少;工业用水比重逐渐增大;水上流失严重;区域小气候环境恶性化;灌区灌排不平衡,地下水位上升;生物种群和数量急剧减少;人口与资源的矛盾日趋尖锐。湟水流域的环境问题提醒我们,在我国生态环境脆弱的西部高原地区,必须高度重视资源和环境的保护,做到人口、经济、资源、环境的协调发展。 相似文献
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模拟降雨下重庆喀斯特槽谷区径流氮磷元素流失特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为揭示降雨强度和岩层倾向对喀斯特槽谷区耕层土壤氮磷流失的影响,利用人工降雨装置和可变坡钢槽进行模拟试验,设计坡面坡度为25°,岩石裸露率为15%,岩层倾角为30°,地下孔裂隙度为3%,降雨强度分别为30、60和90mm/h,模拟降雨持续时间为1h。结果表明:1)产流量随着降雨强度的增大而增大,地表产流量表现为裸坡顺层坡逆层坡;地下产流量表现为逆层坡顺层坡裸坡。2)在30mm/h降雨强度条件下径流全氮浓度最高;在60mm/h降雨强度条件下铵态氮浓度和硝态氮浓度最高;磷浓度随着降雨强度的增大而降低;逆层坡的径流氮磷浓度最高。3)氮磷流失量随降雨强度增大而增大,且地下流失量高于地上流失量;不同岩层倾向条件下,氮磷流失量地上表现为裸坡顺层坡逆层坡,地下表现为逆层坡顺层坡裸坡;氮在逆层坡的流失量最多,磷在顺层坡的流失量最多。本研究可为在喀斯特槽谷区布设保水保土措施以及改善土壤质量上针对不同岩层倾向坡方案提供依据。 相似文献
10.
Three groups of Cherry Valley ducks at 5 day, 2 week and 5 week of age were intranasally infected with the WFCL strain of Tembusu virus (TMUV) to investigate the effect of host age on the outcome of TMUV infection. For each age group, clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, viral copy numbers in tissues and serum neutralizing antibody titers were recorded. Age-related differences in the resistance to TMUV infection were observed with younger ducks being more susceptible. Some ducks infected at 5 day and 2 week of age developed severe clinical signs, including severe neurological dysfunction and death. However, subclinical signs and no mortality were observed in ducks infected at 5 week of age. A decline in the severity of gross and microscopic lesions was observed as ducks mature. Systemic infections were established in the three age groups post challenge. Higher viral copy numbers in the tissues, especially in vital organs such as the brain and the heart, were developed in the ducks infected at 5 day of age than older ducks, correlating with the severity of clinical signs and lesions in the tissues. Furthermore, ducks infected at 5 week of age developed significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers than ducks infected at 5 day of age as determined by serum neutralization test. Therefore, age-related differences in the resistance to TMUV infection should be considered when studying the pathogenicity, pathogenesis, formulation of the vaccination and therapy strategies of TMUV infection in ducks. 相似文献