雏鸡马立克氏病强毒感染后脂质过氧化物的含量变化

１日龄雏鸡马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染马立克氏病（ＭＤ）发病率６２％,ＭＤ死亡率３４％;脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、性腺脂质氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量高于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

硒对汞致抗氧化系统损伤的拮抗作用

选用健康雏鸡250只作实验动物（对照组、中毒组、3个水平的硒保护组），研究汞对血液、组织中GSH－Px活性和LPO含量的影响以及硒与汞之间的相互作用效应。实验结果表明：汞可显著降低血清、组织中GSH－Px活性（P＜0.01），引起动物组织器官脂质过氧化，致使血清、组织中LPO含量显著增高（P＜0.01），且有时间－效应关系。从而说明汞能降低机体的抗氧化功能，损伤抗氧化系统；硒对汞致抗氧化系统的损伤具有拮抗作用。     

Antioxidant role of propolis extract against oxidative damage of testicular tissue induced by insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats

Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD₅₀) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对VAMV感染雏鸡实质器官中LPO含量的影响

ＡＡ雏鸡３日龄感染禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒（ＶＡＭＶ）的ＢＡＩ－Ａ株,实质器官肝、心和肾中原有组织被骨髓性肿瘤组织取代。感染雏鸡分组同时给予黄芪多糖和香菇多糖,不仅降低禽髓细胞性白血病（ＡＭＢ）的发病率和死亡率,而且在此后３周内提高上述器官内ＬＰＯ含量,清除肿瘤细胞作用明显加强,其中各实质器官中ＬＰＯ含量通过给予黄芪多糖在１０日龄升高,而给予香菇多糖则分别在１０日龄和２４日龄２次升高。     

人工感染vMDV雏鸡活性氧自由基代谢变化规律的研究

实验以鸡马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡,于感染后７,１４,２８,４２和５６日龄分别检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官及主要内脏器官超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）、含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量的变化,并首次采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官淋巴细胞化学发光的动态变化。结果：（１）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官总ＳＯＤ（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性大部分检测时期均显著低于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性轻度升高（Ｐ＞０．０５）;（２）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ活性在大部分检测时期均显著低于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官ＬＰＯ含量大部分检测时期均显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（４）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊淋巴细胞ＣＬ值在大部分检测时期显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。本实验结果表明,ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡活性氧自由基产生增多,且活性氧自由基清除系统活性下降,导致活性氧自内基在雏鸡体内蓄积,脂质过氧化作用加强。上述指标变化?     

雏鸡HVT疫苗免疫后活性氧自由基代谢变化规律的研究

本实验以火鸡疱疹病毒（ＨＶＴ）疫苗免疫１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡,于免疫后７,１４,２８,４２和５６日龄分别检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官及主要内脏器官超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ、Ｏ）含量,并首次采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官淋巴细胞化学发光的动态变化。结果：（１）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡各器官总ＳＯＤ（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性在大部分检测时期均显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性轻度升高,但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;（２）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡各器官Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ活性２８、４２和５６日龄显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡多数器官ＬＯＰ含量于７、２８和５６日龄降低和显著降低（Ｐ＞０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊各免疫器官淋巴细胞ＣＬ值检测各时期增高和显著增高（Ｐ＞０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。本实验结果表明,ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡活性氧自由基清除系统活性增强、淋巴细胞活性氧自由基生成增多,但脂质过氧化作用减弱,从而发挥ＨＶＴ疫苗的免疫增强效应和免疫保?     

Protective effect of Piper longum fruit ethanolic extract on radiation induced damages in mice: a preliminary study

The radioprotective property of an ethanolic extract of Piper longum fruits (EEPLF) was investigated in Swiss mice. The white blood cell (WBC) count in irradiated control mice was drastically reduced to 1900 cells/mm3 on third day but in treated animals the count was 2783.3 cells/mm3. The number of bone marrow cells and alpha-esterase positive cells was also enhanced by the EEPLF administration (16.7 x 10(6) cells/femur and 946.5/4000 cells, respectively) when compared to the radiation exposed control animals (12.2 x 10(6) cells/femur and 693.5/4000 cells, respectively). EEPLF reduced the elevated levels of glutathione pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver and serum of radiation treated animals. The extract administration also increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) production to offer the radioprotection.     

Effect of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on certain biomarkers in various tissues of guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata

Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish, Poecilia reticulata. Guppies (P. reticulata) were exposed to progressive concentrations of methyl parathion (MP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF); a semi-static method according to guidelines of OECD was used. Tests of acute toxicity were conducted using 10 fish for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results were subjected to probit analysis to determine the 96 h LC₅₀ values. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of MP and CPF to P. reticulata were 8.48 ppm/L (5.98–10.89) and 0.176 ppm/L (0.313–0.224) respectively. In addition, behavioral changes at each concentration were observed for the individual fish. Fish were exposed for 96 h to different sublethal concentrations of MP and CPF (¼ LC₅₀, 1/8 LC₅₀ and 1/10 LC₅₀) and their oxidative stress-induction potential was estimated in brain, liver and gills of fish. MDA content is induced in all tissues but maximum rise was observed in gills (161% and 153% for MP and CPF respectively). With regard to antioxidant defense system (ADS), GSH level decreased in the brain, liver and gills of tissues of MP treated fishes (22%, 6% and 13% respectively) and showed increase in brain and gills CPF treated (23% and 21% respectively). CAT, GST, GR and SOD levels fluctuated in all treatment groups relative to the control. Brain AChE showed dose-dependent inhibition in fish exposed to the higher concentrations reached 45% and 66% for MP and CPF respectively. Collective findings demonstrated that pesticide exposure of fish induced an increase in MDA and fluctuated ADS along with inhibited AChE. These findings may be used as valuable biomarkers for evaluation of water pollution.     

混合重金属离子相互作用诱导的LPO与CuPb在鲫鱼组织中积累

采用室内暴露实验方法,研究了混合重金属离子相互作用对Cu、Pb在鱼组织中吸收、积累以及其诱导的脂质过氧化作用。结果表明,混合重金属离子在鱼体内吸收、积累与组织类型有关,Cu、Pb在鱼鳃中受表面位点竞争理论主导,使其积累降低;而在肝脏中受MT诱导作用的影响,积累增高。混合重金属离子诱导的脂质过氧化作用强弱与重金属离子的暴露浓度相关,LPO的产物MDA的含量与混合重金属离子的暴露浓度(0.00—0.54mg·L-1)存在指数关系。用鱼鳃组织的MDA变化作为生物指示物指示环境中存在混合重金属离子的污染敏感于肝脏中的MDA。