Tanshinone ⅡA induces apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells

AIM: To explore the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on human osteosarcoma HOS cells and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The cell viability and the appropriate dose of tanshinone ⅡA were determined by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and migration abilities of the HOS cells treated with tanshinone ⅡA. The apoptosis of the HOS cells was monitored by Hoechst 33258 staining, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis-related molecules and JNK signaling-associated proteins were determined by Western blot. Meanwhile, a JNK inhibitor was added for confirming the relationship between the pathway and apoptosis mentioned above.RESULTS: Tanshinone ⅡA inhibited both HOS cell proliferation and migration in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Exposure of the HOS cells to tanshinone ⅡA resulted in the activation of apoptosis. Tanshinone ⅡA treatment increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and JNK signaling-associated proteins, and decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, which were reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, the result of CCK-8 assay revealed that tanshinone ⅡA-induced cell death was alleviated by JNK inhibitor.CONCLUSION: Tanshinone ⅡA induces cell growth inhibition and the activation of apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells.     

大花君子兰叶绿体基因组及其特征

采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对大花君子兰（Clivia miniata）叶片总DNA进行测序，通过组装获得了其叶绿体基因组（cpDNA）全长序列（158 114 bp）。对其cpDNA注释得到135个基因，包含87个蛋白编码基因、40个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。采用生物信息学方法对获得的cpDNA进行简单序列重复（SSR）分析和密码子偏好性分析。结果显示：①大花君子兰cpDNA中共有61个SSR位点，其中单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸重复数分别为38、9、2、8、3和1个，多数SSR分布在基因间隔区；②大花君子兰cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U（T）结尾，亮氨酸使用频率最高，半胱氨酸使用频率最低。基于24种植物的cpDNA全长和23种植物的叶绿体ycf2基因序列进行系统发育分析，结果显示大花君子兰与石蒜科植物在同一分支，显示最近的亲缘关系，支持大花君子兰属于石蒜科。基于叶绿体ycf2的系统发育分析结果与基于cpDNA全长的系统发育分析研究结果大部分相同，支持ycf2基因可以代替cpDNA全长用于植物系统发育分析。     

The expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 on T lymphocytes that infiltrate in nasal polyps

AIM:To investigate the expression of Th1-typed cytokine IFN-γ and Th2-typed cytokine IL-4 on T lymphocytes that infiltrate in nasal polyps for searching the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. METHODS:Nasal polyps tissue samples and peripheral blood were obtained from 21 patients. Normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and peripheral blood were obtained as well. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 of T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Th cytokines were rarely detected in inferior turbinate from normal human. Nasal polyps tissue consisted of abundant T lymphocytes. The expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ increased in peripheral blood from patients compared with normal human (P<0.05). The expression of IL-4 increased but the expression of IFN-γ decreased in nasal polyps compared with that of peripheral blood from the same patient (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION:There were generous of T lymphocytes infiltrating in nasal polyps. There was abnormal immune status in the local nasal mucosa from the patients, and the predomination of Th cytokine secretion changed compared with peripheral blood from the same patients, which resulted in the change of microenvironment of nasal mucosa and possibly close related to the formation of nasal polyps.     

基于体外模拟法评价蔬菜中Cd的健康风险与污染土壤修复效果

为探明北方地区常见蔬菜中Cd的健康风险，以北京地区Cd污染的大棚菜地土壤为对象，利用盆栽实验测定了韭菜和小油菜对Cd的吸收、转运特征及2种修复剂（沸石+蚯蚓粪，凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪）对Cd污染土壤的修复效果，基于体外模拟法和人体健康风险评价方法对污染土壤修复前、后的2种蔬菜中Cd的有效性及人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明，污染土壤上的2种蔬菜中Cd含量均超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》，但2种蔬菜对Cd的吸收具有显著差异，小油菜中Cd的含量为韭菜的2.04倍；体外模拟法测定结果表明，韭菜和小油菜中Cd在模拟人体胃液中的有效浓度分别为0.027、0.039 mg·kg^-1，韭菜中的Cd对人体具有更高的生物有效性；基于人体健康风险评价方法对2种蔬菜中Cd进行健康风险评价，结果表明，污染土壤上种植的2种蔬菜中Cd对人体具有较高的致癌风险，其中，对0~6岁儿童的致癌风险大于成人（>18岁）的风险；添加修复剂可使韭菜和小油菜中Cd含量最大分别降低65.2%和72.3%；2种修复剂处理的韭菜与小油菜中Cd的生物有效性和致癌风险值显著下降，其中凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪处理土壤的2种蔬菜中Cd的致癌风险值接近安全水平。     

纳米Fe3O4负载酸改性炭对水体中Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附

为探讨纳米Fe₃O₄负载联合硝酸改性椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺单一及复合溶液的吸附特性，通过静态吸附实验，针对吸附剂的表面特性、投加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间、重金属初始浓度等影响因素进行了探讨，应用等温吸附模型及吸附动力学模型对吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明，纳米Fe₃O₄负载酸改性炭比表面积较未改性椰壳炭增加了221.03 m²·g^-1，表面含氧官能团如O-H、C=O、C-O-C增加，芳香性增强，等电点提高至5.68。从经济效率角度考虑5 g·L^-1为合理吸附剂用量，pH为5.0时，吸附效果最好，吸附在4 h达到平衡。准二级动力学模型对吸附的拟合度更高，吸附主要是化学吸附，吸附由快速外扩散和颗粒内扩散共同作用，Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附分别更符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。纳米Fe₃O₄负载酸改性椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的最大吸附量（Q_m）分别达42.54 mg·g^-1和25.79 mg·g^-1，为未改性椰壳炭的1.87倍和2.23倍，复合溶液中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的Q_m分别为单一溶液的65.16%和54.21%，这揭示了离子共存条件下的吸附竞争现象。研究表明，纳米Fe₃O₄负载联合硝酸改性提高了椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附能力，且Pb²⁺的吸附性能及吸附竞争性优于Cd²⁺。     

土壤重金属钝化效果评估——基于大田试验的研究

采用野外大田试验,研究了钙镁磷肥(Calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer)、麦饭石(Medical stone)、氧化铁吸附剂(Ferric oxide adsorbent)、氧化铝复合材料(Alumina composite)、植物型有机肥(Plant-based organic fertilizer)、牛粪(Cow dung)、骨炭(Bone char)对某地重金属污染农田的钝化修复效果,并利用动态加权评估方法评估了这几种钝化材料的综合适用性。试验结果表明:几种材料对土壤pH影响均较小,钙镁磷肥、麦饭石微量提高了土壤pH,与对照组相比分别增加0.68和0.74个单位;施加植物型有机肥、牛粪和骨炭提高了土壤有机质含量,与对照组相比分别增加了3.19、2.64 g·kg~(-1)和1.17 g·kg~(-1)(10.04%、8.31%和3.68%)。几种材料在0.6%的投加量下,除植物型有机肥外均有较好钝化效果,土壤有效态镉降低18%以上,且显著减少糙米中镉蓄积量(0.062～0.087mg·kg~(-1)),低于国家食品安全标准限值。为综合评估几种材料的效果及适用性,以土壤重金属有效态含量、糙米镉含量、修复成本和产量为指标构建动态加权函数综合评估模型,评估结果表明,钙镁磷肥的综合修复效果最好,其次为骨炭和植物型有机肥。     

辣椒抗番茄斑萎病毒病研究进展及展望

番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus，TSWV）自19 世纪发现以来，在全世界各地蔓延，对多种作物造成重大经济损失。本文以辣椒为例，从TSWV 的发生与分布、病害症状检测、传播方式、防治方法、抗TSWV 育种及展望等6 个方面对国内外辣椒TSWV 的研究现状进行综述。     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。     

铅和（或）镉对体外培养肾细胞的毒性损伤

在培养液中加入不同浓度的Cd（10、20、40μmol／L）、Pb（10、20、40μmol／L）和Pb-Cd联合（分别为5、10、20μmol／L），来探讨铅镉对肾细胞的作用及可能机制。在显微镜下观察细胞形态、测定细胞凋亡率和细胞周期及上清液脂质过氧化指标。结果表明：20μmol／L以上染毒组细胞皱缩、体积变小，表面有细胞碎片，甚至呈泡沫状或树枝状；铅、镉单独和联合染毒组GSH—Px、SOD活性随染毒剂量的增加，呈逐渐下降趋势（P〈0．05）．而MDA含量和凋亡率则呈升高趋势（P〈0．05），并存在剂量和时间效应。镉和铅也能使细胞周期停滞。Pb、Cd联合可加剧细胞损伤。     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.