N-(7-氟-3-氧-3,4-二氢-苯并噁嗪-6-基-)乙酰胺类化合物的合成及除草活性

为了寻找高效、安全的具有除草活性的新化合物,利用2-取代乙酰氯和2H苯并噁嗪-3-酮反应合成了9个N-(7-氟-3-氧-3,4-二氢苯并噁嗪-6-基-)乙酰胺类化合物,其结构经元素分析、IR、1H NMR确证。初步除草活性测试表明:在有效剂量75 g/hm2下,化合物 5d 芽后茎叶处理对刺苋Amaranthus spinosus等4种杂草显示出90%以上的抑制率。     

Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

Hydroxamic acid content of triticum species

Summary Fifty-five accessions of Triticum species were analyzed for content of hydroxamic acids (Hx), a natural resistance factor against various organisms. Hx were found in all accessions analyzed. Extreme values were found in wild diploid species: highest in T. speltoides (16.0 mmol/kg fr. wt) and lowest in T. tauschii (0.21). Modern polyploid wheats sharing the same genome did not show substantial variations in Hx levels. The data suggest possible sources of high Hx levels for wheat breeding programs.     

Extractability of cellulases in forest litter and soil

Summary Cellulases in forest litter and soil occur in both bound and extractable forms. The proportion of total bound endocellulase activity (not extractable) increases during decomposition, whereas the proportion of bound exocellulase activity remains fairly constant. The proportions of bound enzymes differ among litter types with different chemical compositions. The proportion of bound activity is higher in mineral soil than in litter. We also investigated the effects of anion type (NaCl versus Na₂SO₄), concentration and pH on the extractability of cellulases and protein in two horizons of two forest soils. The extractability of cellulases increases as pH increases from 3.5 to 5.6. Anion type and concentration did not have consistent effects on extractability. However, there was a trend for higher extractability by sulfate than by chloride and with increasing salinity.     

对二氯苯对湿地土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

利用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)考查了对二氯苯胁迫对湿地土壤细菌群落多样性的影响.通过不同培养时间(4、18和45 d)和不同培养浓度(120、240、360和600 mg/kg)对二氯苯污染下湿地土壤细菌群落基因组的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)多样性分析.结果表明,各处理下的土壤细菌群落多样性在不同处理时间有明显差异.培养初期对二氯苯对土壤细菌群落抑制作用非常显著,土壤细菌中某些群落的生长受到抑制;不同处理在处理后期差异很小.在土壤培养初期,含对二氯苯240mg/kg的培养基上出现一条新增条带,为对照和低浓度对二氯苯土壤所没有,说明土壤中存在对二氯苯生长优势菌.     

基于α-半乳糖苷酶基因为筛选标记的酿酒酵母诱导型表达载体的构建及应用

以α-半乳糖苷酶基因为筛选标记,构建GAL1诱导型启动子介导的酿酒酵母表达载体YGM-α-gal质粒,将枯草芽孢杆菌的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因克隆到此载体中,构建质粒YGMPA-α-gal,转化宿主酵母后,实现β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达.结果表明:在2%半乳糖诱导下,摇瓶发酵24h后分泌表达的β-葡聚糖酶活性达到411.9U爛mL-1,而在培养60h后,发酵液中α-半乳糖苷酶活性可达64.2U爛mL-1.说明α-半乳糖苷酶基因可用作酿酒酵母表达载体转化的有效筛选标记,为食品级酿酒酵母表达系统的构建提供了新选择.     

β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因双拷贝工程菌株的构建与发酵研究

本试验旨在研究β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶双拷贝基因毕赤酵母工程菌株的构建及发酵。首先,通过对质粒pGAP-glu-opt进行PCR扩增获得密码子优化的β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因glu-opt,用EcoR I和Not I双酶切后与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,获得重组质粒p9K-glu-opt。该重组质粒经Sac I线性化后转化毕赤酵母GS115菌株,利用不含组氨酸的MDS平板和摇瓶培养,筛选重组菌株,命名为GS115/9K-glu-opt。制备GS115/9K-glu-opt感受态细胞,再用线性化的重组质粒pPIC-glu-opt二次转化,在含有抗生素Zeocin的YPDS平板上筛选glu-opt基因双拷贝重组菌株GS115/2xglu-opt。双拷贝重组菌在10 L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵培养及甲醇诱导表达,β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶最高酶活达到21 600 U/mL,约为单拷贝工程菌株X33/pPIC-glu-opt发酵活力的1.44倍;蛋白表达量达8.4 g/L,约为X33/pPIC-glu-opt的1.68倍。     

Ru/硅藻土催化对苯二酚加氢制1,4-环己二醇

采用浸渍-化学沉淀法制备了Ru/硅藻土加氢催化剂,并采用SEM、EDS等表征手段对催化剂结构进行了测试。同时考察了Ru/硅藻土对对苯二酚加氢性能评价,实验结果表明:在Ru/硅藻土催化剂0.5 g,反应压力3.2 MPa、反应温度为150℃、反应时间5.0 h的条件下,对苯二酚的转化率为89.7%,1,4-环己二醇的选择性为72.0%。主要副产物有环己醇和4-羟基环己酮等。     

香蕉α-1,4-葡聚糖淀粉磷酸化酶基因家族全基因组鉴定与进化分析

为了研究香蕉(Musa nana Lour.)α-1,4-葡聚糖淀粉磷酸化酶(α-1,4-glucan starch phosphorylase,PHS)基因家族的特征和功能,利用生物信息学方法对香蕉PHS家族进行了全基因组查找、鉴定及相关分析。结果表明,在香蕉中共鉴定出2个成员,Ma PHS1的开放阅读框长度为2 784 bp,编码927个氨基酸,分子质量为104.8 ku,等电点为6.59;Ma PHS2的开放阅读框长度为2 517 bp,编码838个氨基酸,分子质量为95.09 ku,等电点为6.09。Ma PHS1和Ma PHS2分别含有17个和15个外显子;Ma PHS1和Ma PHS2均含有淀粉磷酸化酶的保守性基序,进化过程中比较保守。     

A new thiazinedione from Xanthium strumarium

A new thiazinedione was isolated from the fruit of Xanthium strumarium. Its structure was elucidated by a combination of spectral methods.