含蜡原油管道蜡沉积研究进展

蜡沉积会减少管道的有效内径，增大输送压力，降低管道的输送能力，增加清管频率，甚至造成蜡堵事故。介绍了国内外有关析蜡的热力学模型、蜡沉积机理及蜡沉积的动力学模型的研究进展状况，提出了一些研究建议。     

漆酚热预聚漆研究（Ⅰ）──漆酚热预聚漆酶催化成膜

为了充分让漆酶在最后催化成膜中发挥作用，将生漆分离出漆酚和粗漆酶后，先将漆酚进行热预聚，再用粗漆酶配制成漆酚热预聚漆。试验结果表明：此法配制出的漆液，不仅能在漆酶催化下成膜，而且具有粗漆酶用量少、干燥性能好的特点。     

毕节市漆树品种产量与树皮性状的灰色关联度分析

为漆树优良品种的选择以及灰色系统理论在林业林木品种评价上的运用提供参考，对毕节市8个漆树品种红漆大木、粉皮大木、灯台大木、红尖大木、肤胭皮、粉红皮、白杨皮、青杠皮等树皮解剖中6个主要性状与产漆量的关系进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明：漆树树皮解剖的单个性状对产漆量有直接影响，其中以漆汁道直径的大小关系最重要，直接关联度达0．7964；其次是活皮漆汁道单位面积与活皮厚度。从树皮解剖的综合性状看，漆树品种最好的依次是红尖大木＞红漆大木＞肤胭皮＞灯台大木＞白杨皮＞粉皮大木＞粉红皮＞青杠皮。分析结果与实际生产基本一致，表明在林业生产中运用灰色关联分析进行综合评价是可行的。     

黑皮冬瓜嫁接砧木的筛选与鉴定

挑选南瓜砧、蒲瓜砧和葫芦砧共10个品种,以佛山市三水黑皮冬瓜为接穗,采用斜顶插接法嫁接,露地栽培管理,比较其产量和农艺性状。试验结果表明,DZ-01冬瓜砧、京欣砧三号和强势作为三水黑皮冬瓜的嫁接砧木,可有效降低枯萎病发病率,增产10%以上,商品性状得到明显改善,商品品质差异不显著,推广应用性强。     

Genetic Variation for Maize Epicuticular Wax Response to Drought Stress at Flowering

Drought stress is thought to promote epicuticular wax accumulation on maize leaves, which reduces plant water loss. We evaluated 62 maize inbred lines and their hybrid testcross progeny for epicuticular wax accumulation on flag leaves at flowering under full and limited irrigation regimes. Extracted wax was measured as a percentage of wax weight to leaf weight (WLW) and leaf area (WLA). Eleven genotypes had above average WLW as both inbred lines and hybrid testcrosses. Thirteen genotypes had above average WLA as either inbred lines or hybrid testcrosses. The drought treatment did not significantly alter WLW or WLA. Heritability of WLW was 0.17 (inbred lines) and 0.58 (hybrid testcrosses). Heritability of WLA was 0.41 (inbred lines) and 0.59 (hybrid testcrosses), suggesting it is a better trait than WLW for epicuticular wax screening. Correlations (r) between inbred lines and their testcross progeny were 0.44 and 0.18, for WLW and WLA, respectively. Heritability of grain weight per ear and plot yield was highest in hybrid testcrosses, with no correlation between inbred and hybrid germplasm. It is not warranted to evaluate epicuticular wax accumulation as the sole drought tolerance mechanism. However, it may be a good secondary trait to observe in relation to grain yield production in hybrids tested under water‐limiting conditions.     

果蜡处理对低温贮藏下采后菠萝果实激素的影响

以菠萝品种‘巴厘’的果实为试材，研究果蜡处理对低温贮藏下采后菠萝激素的影响，结果表明：果蜡处理降低了冷藏菠萝果实脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)和玉米素(ZR)含量，增加了吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量，并且ABA 和GA含量均与冷害指数极显著相关(P＜0.01)，相关系数分别是0.879和0.909。表明低温胁迫下采后菠萝的ABA和GA与抗冷性密切相关，果蜡处理降低了ABA和GA含量，从而提高菠萝抗冷性。     

大蜡螟的生物学研究

在35±1℃,60～85%RH,全黑暗环境中用中蜂旧巢脾饲养的大蜡螟,其卵、幼虫、蛹、雌蛾、雄蛾的历期分别为8.6、49.4±9.4、10.8±1.9、5.5±2.6、9.2±3.3天.雌蛾平均产卵量为725.2 ± 148.3粒(258～1415粒).平均产卵前期为0.6天(0～2天).平均产卵期为4.3±0.8天,但平均有效产卵期只有3.4±0.6天.雌性蛹、蛾的体重比雄性蛹、蛾的极显著重,雌雄蛹重分别为162.1±5.1mg和122.2±1.9mg,雌雄蛾重分别为122.3±1.6mg和74.0±7.5mg.卵多产于0.23～0.27mm缝隙中,单层扁平成片,大小为0.34±0.04×0.34±0.06mm.     

以大蜡螟与人工培养基连续传代的两种斯氏线虫生物学特性比较

本文比较了 Steinernema carpocaprae 和 Steinernema anomali 两个种(品系)的斯氏昆虫病原线虫,分别在大蜡螟和鸡什海绵人工培养基下连续传代培养的两个种群的形态、带菌率、发育、繁殖、毒力和寻找寄主能力的差异。试验表明:同一种(品系)长期在蜡螟传代的线虫种群比人工培养基传代的种群的线虫体较大,在寄主昆虫内发育怏、繁殖量大。但细菌保留率、感染率、感染指数、在沙里寻找寄主并使其致死的能力稍低。上述的差异在 S.anomali 这个种尤为明显,S.car pocapsae 则差异不大。     

Attachment and adhesion of conidia of Stagonospora nodorum to natural and artificial surfaces

Attachment and adhesion of conidia of a wheat-isolate of Stagonospora nodorum to leaf and artificial surfaces was studied. Attachment of conidia was a non-viable process, separate from adhesion, that occurred rapidly and irreversibly. Attachment involved conidial-surface carbohydrates and was partially influenced by surface hydrophobicity. The subsequent adhesion, via the secretion of extracellular matrix from conidia, was a viable process that induced the complete cover of conidia in response to wheat leaf surface components containing epi-cuticular wax and to a lesser extent to barley but inducing only partial covering on glass. Results suggest that specific surface components from the compatible host promote rapid attachment and adhesion of S. nodorum conidia.     

胭脂蚧的形态特征及蜡泌物超微结构的研究

采用制作玻片标本和扫描电镜技术研究了胭脂蚧Dactylopius confusus（Cockerell）在不同发育阶段的显微形态特征及蜡泌物的超微形态。结果发现：1龄若虫，它的五格腺分布全身，管腺有少量分布；背刺为柱状或截锥状，呈带状分布。雌成虫，它的管腺分布整个腹面，五格腺在腹面末端成簇，在背面单个或成群分布；背刺散布全身。蜡泌物的研究发现：若虫背腹面均分泌丝状蜡，断裂后形成C型小蜡圈；背刺实为中空管，具泌蜡功能。雄茧是由蜡丝交织构成。雄蛹表面附着白色蜡粉。而雌成虫蜡被是由粗蜡管及其周围的细长蜡丝组成。