提高中锰白口铸铁韧性的研究

为改善中锰白口铸铁的韧性以扩大其应用范围,本文探讨了C, Si, Mn等合金元素、变质处理和热处理工艺对中Mn白口铸铁组织和性能的影响.     

Indigestion in Young Calves: III. The Influence of Powders from Heat-Treated Skim Milk and Whey

Two experiments comprising 24 calves, lasting 44–46 days, have been carried out in order to examine the influence of powders from heat-treated skim milk and whey on indigestion in young calves. The frequency of diarrhoea increased much (P < 0.01) in the first experiment when feeding the heat-treated products, but little in the other. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. Calves fed heat-treated products in the first experiment consumed 13.8 1 of electrolyte fluid per head per day 14–22 days after commencing the test, when both diarrhoea and fluid consumption reached peak values. It is postulated that some of the calves might have succumbed without electrolyte fluid.     

热处理条件对杉木颜色变化的影响

以杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata板材为试件,在170,190和210℃分别处理2,3,和4 h,对杉木板材颜色的变化规律进行研究,比较了杉木心边材颜色差异,探讨了杉木热变色的原因。结果表明：杉木心材经热处理后明度L＊和黄蓝色品值b＊均变小,随着温度的升高和时间的延长,L＊和b＊下降幅度逐渐增大,色差ΔE增大;心材明度变化率α和ΔE随热处理条件变化规律与边材分别相似,且两者有很强的相关性,但边材b＊随温度升高是先增后减。温度对杉木颜色变化影响大于时间,在210℃时,时间的影响显著。在相同处理工艺下,热处理条件对边材影响大于心材;杉木心边材存在差异性可能与心边材中木质素含量和抽提物含量有关。表4参18     

Effects on Maize Starch Properties of Heat-treatment with Water–ethanol Mixtures

Maize starch (1 part) was heated at 120 °C for 20 min in water–ethanol mixtures (5 volumes), in which the water content varied over the range 0–70%, and the product solvent-exchanged with acetone. On treatment with mixtures containing 40–60% water, the swelling power and solubility at 97 °C decreased and the differences between these values measured at 25 and 97 °C narrowed. The properties of starch treated with a mixture containing 30% water resembled those of heat–moisture treated starch. The values of ΔH and ΔS for swelling were greatly decreased by treatment in mixtures with a water content greater than 20–40% (0·39–0·63 mole fraction). Furthermore, the digestibility ratio ofalpha-amylase (endo-type) to glucoamylase (exo-type) was at a maximum after treatment with a mixture containing 30% water. These findings suggest that rearrangements between the amylose and amylopectin in starch granules are occurring after treatment with mixtures containing more than 30% water. These changes in the starch granule are enhanced when the treatment temperature is increased to 100–130 °C.     

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological,mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber

Abstract

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.     

在普通车床上完成内齿圈的热后加工

介绍在普通设备上实现拖拉机行星齿轮机构中内齿圈的加工工艺。     

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological, mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.     

提高坦克履带销使用寿命的研究

本文对坦克履带销的失效形式进行了分析研究后,在不改变履带销用钢及技术要求条件下,对热处理工艺进行了优化设计,采用了非常规碳氮复合渗热处理新工艺,使履带销的使用寿命由原来的150-200摩托小时提高到600摩托小时以上,取得明显的军事和经济效益.     

利用冷、热处理提高冷藏果实贮藏效果及其机理研究进展

对一系列冷、热处理措施,如适温贮藏、贮前热处理、间歇升温、波温贮藏、双温循环贮藏、缓慢降温贮藏、预冷处理和骤冷处理的概念,以及对冷藏果实贮藏效果及其机理进行了综述。