红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。     

捕食线虫性真菌的分离培养及分布规律

对自然界中的捕食线虫性真菌进行了分离和种属区分，并对分布规律进行了研究。从土壤、粪便等材料中获得了2类活性较强的捕食线虫性菌株：即套捕型(hooping)捕食线虫性真菌和粘捕型(sticking)捕食线虫性真菌。主要的代表种类有3种。这些捕食线虫性真菌在捕食性结构分生孢子形态及某些生物学特性上有一定差异。套捕型捕食线虫性真菌代表种为少孢节丛孢菌(Arthrobotrys oligospara)和梨形指环菌(Dactylaria pyriformis)，它们以菌环、菌网作为捕食性结构(器官)，以套捕方式杀灭线虫幼虫。梨形指环菌可产生多量厚垣孢子(chlamyalospore)。粘捕型捕食线虫性真菌代表种为纺锤隔指孢菌(Dactylella ellipsospora)。可形成菌结捕食线虫性结构，以粘捕的方式杀灭线虫幼虫。结果表明：捕食线虫性真菌在土壤和家畜粪便中的分离率是40．41％；此类菌适合于生存在阴暗、潮湿、富含腐植质的环境中。在温暖季节时，采用0．4g／L玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)易于对其进行分离培养。     

无公害技术在防治春尺蠖上的应用

阐述了春尺蠖的危害、发生规律及防治方法。利用糖醋盘 ,灯光诱杀成虫 ,在树干上捆绑草绳 ,喷涂毒环阻止成虫上树产卵及使用无公害生物制剂防治幼虫效果较好     

Detection of airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae in oilseed rape crops by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays

The potential use of DNA-based methods for detecting airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae , both damaging pathogens of oilseed rape, was investigated. A method for purifying DNA from spores collected using Hirst-type spore samplers and detecting it using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays is described. For both pathogens, the sensitivities of the DNA assays were similar for spore-trap samples and pure spore suspensions. As few as 10 spores of L. maculans or P. brassicae could be detected by PCR and spores of both species could be detected against a background of spores of six other species. The method successfully detected spores of P. brassicae collected using spore traps in oilseed rape crops that were infected with P. brassicae. Leptosphaeria maculans spores were detected using spore traps on open ground close to L. maculans -infected oilseed rape stems. The potential use of PCR detection of airborne inoculum in forecasting the diseases caused by these pathogens is discussed.     

Comparison of Seven Digital Cameras for Digitizing Radiographs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate seven digital cameras for their ability to adequately capture quality radiographic images and their relative cost effectiveness. Radiographs of line pair (LP) phantoms (ranging from 0.6 to 16.6 LP/mm) and a 20-step contrast phantom were photographed at a near distance of 30.0 cm and a far distance (determined for each camera) at which a full 14 x 17 in film filled the viewfinder. Of the seven cameras tested, the Canon EOS-D30 consistently performed the best in LP/mm resolved (7.7 at close distance, 1.4 at far distance) and in contrast latitude (all 20 steps at both close and far distances). The Canon EOS-D30, determined to be the best camera used in this study for photographing radiographic images, is also the most expensive camera that was used. Two cameras, the Nikon Coolpix 995 and the Sony DSC-F707, were very close to the Canon in performance at considerably less cost. Certain inexpensive cameras may not be acceptable choices for teleradiology.     

Determining spatial feed distribution in sea cage aquaculture using an aerial camera platform

Within this paper we describe an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based method to estimate the spatial feed pellet distribution in salmon fish-cages and exploit it within a case study to determine the radial pellet distribution for different rotor spreaders and blower configurations. Compared to previously used methods, capturing pellets thrown from a rotary feed spreader in rows of Styrofoam boxes, the UAV based method is simpler and faster to setup and allows to cover a larger portion of the sea cage surface area. We compare results obtained with the Styrofoam box method with results we obtained by an automatic analysis of aerial videos taken by the UAV during feeding experiments. The employed method helps to gain insight into the spatial feed pellet distribution in full-scale salmon fish-cages where the feeding pipe and actual fixation of the spreader may influence the dynamic behaviour of the feeding system. This can also be seen as a step towards a continuous measuring of the feed pellet distribution, particularly in view of possible future feeding systems that may allow to adapt the feed pellet distribution to the actual fish distribution.     

一种橡胶小蠹虫自制粘捕装置的研制及其田间诱捕参数筛选

橡胶小蠹虫为害重,防治困难。为了探索更加高效的田间防治方法,本研究通过将“牛皮纸+粘虫胶+诱集剂”组配,研究集成了一种橡胶小蠹虫粘捕装置,对其诱捕参数（粘捕装置材质、诱集剂药袋悬挂数量、药液暴露面积以及粘捕装置的间距、悬挂高度）进行了筛选,并与常规诱捕器在重量、成本和诱捕效果方面进行比较。结果表明,在月桂烯、2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇、S-(-)-柠檬烯、莰烯、顺式-马鞭草烯醇5种诱集剂的诱集下,自制粘捕带对橡胶小蠹虫的粘捕总数分别为：554、445、341、381、367头;普通粘虫带对橡胶小蠹虫的粘捕总数分别为：260、230、179、202、199头。其中月桂烯、2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇、S-(-)-柠檬烯,自制粘捕带的粘捕数量均显著高于普通粘虫带,表现出较好的粘捕效果。采用挂袋法的最佳药袋数为2袋,诱集剂的最佳药液暴露面积为6.6 mm²,粘捕装置的最佳相互间距为50 m,最佳悬挂高度建议在2.5 m。自制粘捕装置在重量、成本以及诱集数量上均优于常规诱捕器,对橡胶小蠹虫防控具有高效成本低、环保可降解、简单易操作等特点。     

Alpha-shape算法构建枣树点云三维模型

为了实现枣树智能化修剪作业，该研究提出了基于点云配准的自然光照环境下的果树三维重构方法，并针对传统最近点迭代（Iterative Closest Point，ICP）算法对待配准点云的空间位置要求苛刻的问题，提出了改进的点云配准算法。首先，使用彩色深度（RGB-D）相机采集不同角度下的枣树彩色和深度图像，并通过信息融合实现相应角度下的点云获取。其次，对点云进行背景去除和滤波处理，基于直方图设定分割阈值，提取单株枣树点云，并将放置在树根附近的标靶球作为标记，使用人工标记法进行两站点云初配准。最后，在初配准基础上计算点云的曲面法向量和曲率，由曲率相近的点构成配对点对，使用k维树最近点迭代（k dimensional-tree-Iterative Closest Point，kd-tree-ICP）算法完成精配准，对点云使用Alpha-shape算法面片化，实现表面重构。利用上述方法对多棵枣树进行全局配准并完整重构果树模型。试验结果表明，通过引入初配准，有效提高了点云配准的准确性和稳定性，配准误差均控制在1.0 cm以内，平均配准误差为0.78 cm；重构模型真实感较强，在外观上更加接近真实树，枝干相对误差控制在7%以内。该研究重构模型精度较高，可为枣树智能修剪提供可视化研究基础和技术支持。     

植物基因启动子的克隆方法及其应用

植物基因的表达调控已成为分子生物学研究热点,启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,启动子的克隆对于研究基因表达调控、构建基因工程载体、表达目的蛋白有着重要的意义。启动子克隆的方法很多,从常用的启动子陷阱技术筛选启动子到PCR方法的应用,此后相继问世的一些基于PCR的克隆启动子技术,如载体锚定PCR、反向PCR、接头PCR、交错热不对称PCR等,为克隆启动子提供了更可靠,更合理的方法。本文着重介绍了几种植物基因启动子的克隆方法,分析了它们的优缺点,并展望了今后的研究前景。