中华卤虫家系构建几个关键技术探讨

本文就中华卤虫(Artemia.sinica)家系构建的几个关键技术进行了具体的讨论。交配产卵阶段基本参数研究结果表明,多数家系在抱对后24~60小时便开始产卵,平均间隔时间为55.68小时,具有较好的产卵及时性,同时有效地排除了假性交配现象,保证了在第20日龄时测定各性状值后建立家系、统计交配、产卵数据的准确性。各家系产卵情况统计结果表明,以生产2批卵的家系最多,46个,以产卵总量在151~200粒之间的家系最多,26个,产卵总量大于150粒的家系为70个,完全满足家系构建的需要。半同胞家系方面,在全同胞家系获得足够数量休眠卵的基础上,对仍在抱对的家系采用人工分离抱对雌雄个体的方法进行半同胞家系的组建,以便实现半同胞家系构建的同步性。本试验各生产阶段基本参数的获得,对指导中华卤虫构建家系进行遗传选育提供了理论依据。     

中华通草蛉雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究

本文报道中华通草蛉雄性生殖系统的解剖学特征,并与其它种类作了比较。     

利它素对中华通草蛉不同龄期幼虫捕食行为的影响

本文测定了棉蚜及棉花嫩梢不同溶剂提取液对中华通草蛉捕食行为的影响。结果表明，棉花受害嫩梢及未受害嫩梢提取液对中华通草蛉幼虫捕食行为无明显影响；棉蚜虫体浆液、棉蚜水提液，均含有很强的利它素活性物质，而棉蚜无水乙醇提取液利它素活性物质含量甚微，中华通草蛉各龄幼虫对棉蚜水提液均表现有明显的滞留和调转行为。     

用简化配方的人工卵连代饲养中华草蛉

作者曾报导用啤酒酵母、大豆、牛肉水解物为主的饲料,制成人工卵饲养中华草蛉幼虫。本文进一步研究用简化配方的人工典连代饲养草蛉。 新配方(IIB)制成人工典养幼虫和用啤酒酵母干粉饲料养成虫,一年内连续饲养10代,结果证明;对幼虫、蛹的发育历期和成虫的产卵前期均无明显影响。茧和成虫的获得率、茧重、30天产卵量,和卵孵化率也都没有降低。10代的后裔,再用蚜虫和米蛾卵等天然猎物饲养,草蛉幼虫取食和发育正常。 因此,用上述人工饲料连续饲养草蛉,至少在10代以内,不致影响其生活力和生殖力。     

The influences of boiling and drying treatments on the behaviors of tension wood with gelatinous layers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zelkova serrata</Emphasis>

This study examined how boiling and drying treatments influenced various physical properties of the tension wood with gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) of a 29-yearold Zelkova branch. By boiling treatment, tension wood with numerous G-fibers contracted considerably in the longitudinal direction and the longitudinal Young’s modulus decreased in spite of the water-saturated condition. The drying treatment caused green tension wood and boiled tension wood with numerous G-fibers to shrink longitudinally and increased their longitudinal Young’s moduli. These specific behaviors in tension wood were highly correlated with the proportion of G-fibers in a specimen and were probably caused by the microscopic behavior of cellulose microfibril (CMF) in the gelatinous layers (G-layers). The longitudinal shrinkage of tension wood due to drying suggests the existence of a hygro-sensible, noncrystalline region in the CMF, which is abundant in the G-layer. Furthermore, the noncrystalline region in the CMF softens during boiling treatment, resulting in the reduction of the longitudinal Young’s modulus in tension wood. The longitudinal contraction of tension wood with G-fibers by boiling might be caused by the tensile growth stress remaining in green G-layers. However, no changes were detected in the 004 d-spacing of cellulose crystal in tension wood from the boiling and drying treatments, regardless of the proportion of G-fibers.     

大叶榉愈伤组织诱导与继代培养的影响因素

以大叶榉种子的子叶、胚轴、顶芽、嫩枝叶片和茎段等为外植体 ,对大叶榉进行愈伤组织诱导及继代培养研究 .结果表明 :不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导能力有差异 ,其诱导率按高低顺序排列依次为子叶、胚轴、叶片、茎段和顶芽 ;愈伤组织质地、颜色、生长速度与基本培养基、外源激素有很大的关系 ,基本培养基以 WPM培养基最好 ;最佳诱导培养基不适合继代保存 ;在培养基中附加抗氧化剂并调整激素种类 ,可较好地防止褐变现象     

榉树茎尖的培养

选用成年榉树 Schneideriana 的当年生嫩枝作为外植体,经常规消毒后,接种于附加不同质量浓度的激素BA、NAA、2,4-D的MS培养基上,诱导茎尖萌芽.结果表明:诱导芽萌发的最适宜的培养基为MS BA( 1.0 mg·L-1),继代培养后,在每个芽的基部又可长出3～7个小芽;小芽在MS BA(0.5 mg·L-1) CH(500 mg·L-1)培养基上培养30～40 d,即可长成小植株;在 1/2MS IBA(0.5 mg·L-1)的生根培养基上培养3～4周后可形成正常植株.     

Screening of extracts of Japanese woods for melanin biosynthesis inhibition

The effects of 120 methanol extracts prepared from bark and heartwood of 69 types of Japanese wood on the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells were examined. The melanin content of B16 melanoma cells was determined spectrophotometrically at 405nm. The extracts were also examined for their effects on cell viability. We found that the methanol extracts of Fagus crenata (buna, wood, 100μg/ml), Sapium sebiferum (Nankinhaze, wood, bark, 10μg/ml), and Zelkova serrata (keyaki, wood, 10μg/ml) greatly inhibited the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells without significant cytotoxicity. However, these extracts did not inhibit tyrosinase activity at the concentration of 100μg/ml. These findings indicate that the depigmenting mechanism of these extracts involves the suppression of some pigmenting signals in stimulating melanogenesis rather than the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003     

外源物质浸种对NaCl胁迫下榉树种子萌发的影响

利用不同浓度的CaCl2(2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 mmol/L)、ALA(2.5、5.0、10.0 、20.0、40.0 mg/L)及Spd(0.1、0.5、2.5、5.0、10.0 mmol/L)对榉树种子分别进行单剂和复配浸种,通过分析150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下榉树种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,找出提高其种子发芽率的最佳浓度配比。结果表明：150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,榉树种子的各项发芽指标均显著下降,但经适宜浓度的外源物质浸种处理,均可显著提高榉树种子的发芽率及发芽势。其中CaCl2、ALA和Spd的最适浸种浓度分别为20.0 mmol/L、20.0 mg/L及2.5mmol/L。复配浸种结果显示,采用20.0 mmol/L CaCl2、20.0 mg/L ALA和5.0 mmol/L Spd混合浸种的效果最好,显著优于各单剂处理。     

Effects of diet and sediment type on survival, growth and moulting of juvenile tiger crab, Orithyia sinica L.

This study investigated the effects of different types of diet and sediment on the growth parameters of juvenile tiger crab Orithyia sinica under laboratory conditions, focusing on survival, growth and moulting. In the first set of experiments, juvenile tiger crabs were reared with five different types of sediment, i.e., soft sand, coarse sand, soft sand mixed with coarse sand, mud or bare bottom. Soft sand resulted in not only the highest survival rate of 78% but also the best rate of growth and feed intake. Crabs reared with a mud substrate showed the worst results in these parameters. The intermoult period, however, was not affected by sediment types. In the second set of experiments, crabs were fed different types of diet to determine their effects on the same growth parameters. Diets were composed of different combinations with Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), brine shrimp (Artemia nauplii), microencapsulated feeds and marine diatom (Chaetoceros gracilis). Survival and growth in crabs fed Manila clam as a diet component were significantly higher than in those on other diets. The highest survival and growth were achieved with a diet that included all four components. These results provide valuable information on the appropriate bottom substrates and diet types necessary for artificial mass culture of the tiger crab.