Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin attenuated liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl₄ oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na₂SeO₃ were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl₄ groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO₂^-/NO₃^- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO₂^-/NO₃^- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl₄ through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.     

硒的生物学特性与奶牛营养需要的研究进展

对硒的生物学特性,硒对奶牛健康的影响以及奶牛对硒的需要量作了比较全面的综述,为奶牛饲养过程提供科学的参考依据。     

硒对硒蛋白-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因表达及其酶活性的调节

本文根据国内外研究现状详细综述了硒调节细胞型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX1)mRNA水平、蛋白水平及酶活3个水平的可能分子机理,初步概述硒对其余GPX基因表达的影响及其作用机制,为深入研究硒调节GPX基因表达的作用机制提供参考。     

Comparative responses to sodium selenite and organic selenium supplements in Belgian Blue cows and calves

Belgian Blue (BB) beef cattle is particularly prone to selenium (Se) deficiency due to the poor Se content of soil and roughages on rearing farms and the higher requirements of this hypermuscled breed. The goal of this trial was to compare the effects of different forms and concentrations of Se supplementation on Se status, health and performance in 60 pregnant Se-deficient BB cows. Cows were allocated to 3 experimental groups receiving selenized-yeast at 0.5 ppm Se on total ration (Y–Se 0.5), Na–selenite at 0.5 ppm Se on total ration (Na–Se 0.5) and Na–selenite at 0.1 ppm Se on total ration (Na–Se 0.1), respectively. Cows were supplemented from 2 months before calving until 2 months after calving. Data on performance, health and Se status of the dams and their calves were analyzed using a linear model, least squares means and logistic regression. At the end of the study, plasmatic Se (pSe) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in cows receiving Y–Se than in cows from other groups. Glutathion-peroxidase in erythrocytes (GSH-pxe) was higher in Y–Se and Na–Se 0.5 than Na–Se 0.1 group (P < 0.01). Se content in colostrum and milk was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Y–Se than other groups. At birth, Se status of calves from group Y–Se was significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.01). Plasmatic Se in calves remained higher for 75 days after birth in Y–Se compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Diarrhoea was the most commonly observed disease in the calves and, during the first 15 days of life, diarrhoea occurred in 6%, 21% and 35% of calves from groups Y–Se, Na–Se 0.5 and Na–Se 0.1, respectively. Over the whole 75 days trial period, incidence of diarrhoea was 19, 29 and 65%, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) in calves born from Y–Se group of cows tended to be higher than in Na–Se 0.5 (P = 0.06) and Na–Se 0.1 (P < 0.05) but there was no difference between Na–Se 0.5 and Na–Se 0.1 (P > 0.1). At the same dosage, Y–Se conferred better Se status in both dams and their calves than did Na–Se. Requirement of 0.1 ppm Se seems to be insufficient in BB to optimise health and performance. Regarding health status and ADG in calves, Y–Se seems also to result in better performance.     

海南番木瓜主产区土壤、植株硒含量及施硒效应研究

海南番木瓜土壤及植株硒含量的调查结果表明：海南主产区的番木瓜果园土壤普遍处于较低硒含量状态。采用叶面喷施并配合土施硒肥的方法，可以明显提高番木瓜植株及果实中的硒含量。     

青海河卡牧场硒的季节变化及盈缺分析

试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值.     

The Effect of Consumption of Selenium Enriched Rye/Wheat Sourdough Bread on the Body’s Selenium Status

The potential of selenium-enriched rye/wheat sourdough bread as a route for supplementing dietary selenium intakes is reported. In addition to their normal diets, 24 female volunteers (24 to 25 years old) were fed either selenium-enriched bread or non-enriched bread each day (68.02 and 0.84 μg selenium day⁻¹ respectively) for 4 weeks. The chemical form of the selenium in the bread had been characterised using HPLC-ICP-MS, which showed that 42% of the extractable selenium was present as selenomethionine. Plasma selenium levels and plasma platelet glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity were measured in the volunteers’ blood over a 6-week period. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the mean percentage change data, calculated from the plasma selenium level measurements for the enriched and control group, over the duration of the study. A comparable difference was not observed for the platelet GPx1 activity (p = 0.756), over the same period. Two weeks after cessation of the feeding stage, i.e., at t = 6 weeks, the mean percentage change value for the selenium plasma levels in the enriched group was still significantly elevated, suggesting that the absorbed selenium had been incorporated into the body’s selenium reserves, and was then being slowly released back into the volunteers’ blood.     

硒源和硒水平对种公羊血清和精清抗氧化能力的影响

为研究硒源和硒水平对血清和精清抗氧化酶活性的影响,选择年龄、体重相近、健康的黎城大青羊成年种公羊42只,随机分为7组。分别喂以基础日粮、基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的酵母硒;基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的亚硒酸钠,饲喂期60d,试验第60d采集血液和精液样品,测定其抗氧化能力。结果显示,日粮添加硒极显著提高种公羊血清GPxs活性、血清和精清T-AOC含量,显著提高血清、精清SOD和精清GPxs活性;极显著降低血清、显著降低精清中OH-的含量,改善机体的抗氧化能力。硒水平与血清和精清中GPxs、SOD活性、T-AOC和OH-的含量有剂量——效应关系。与1.0mg·kg-1组和0.5mg·kg-1组相比,2.0mg·kg-1组血清、精清中OH-的含量升高,血清GPxs活性下降,精清SOD活性和T-AOC含量下降;日粮硒浓度相同时,其血清GPxs活性高于精清4~10倍,而精清SOD活性高于血清约20倍。成年种公羊日粮中硒的适宜添加量为0.5~1.0mg·kg-1酵母硒或0.5mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠。血清和精清中抗氧化系统存在差异。     

水培生菜对硒的吸收和转化

用不同硒浓度营养液以ＤＦＴ方式培养奶油生菜、红叶生菜、玻璃生菜３个品种，研究了它们对硒的吸收和转化，结果表明，３个品种吸收积累硒的能力有所差异，玻璃生菜＞奶油生菜＞红叶生菜。各品种茎叶含硒量均与营养液硒水平呈显著正相关，ｒ＞０．９８９９。３个品种对无机硒的转化率均在６０％以上，顺序是奶油生菜＞红叶生菜＞玻璃生菜。适当延长供硒的时间，有利于生菜体内无机硒向有机硒的转化，但不利于硒的积累     

日粮中维生素E、硒水平对熟化过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响

研究了日粮维生素E、硒水平对熟化过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响。选择16头体重420～560kg的健康晋南牛阉牛,按体重分为4组,每组4头,试验期为2个月。试验采用2×2因子完全随机设计:维生素E的补饲水平为每头每天0和1000IU,硒的添加水平为0 10和0 40mg/kg。结果表明:与未补饲VE组相比,补饲1000IUVE可显著提高血浆和臀中肌α 生育酚含量(P<0 004),日粮中添加0 10和0 40mg/kg硒对组织α 生育酚含量影响差异不显著(P>0 05);日粮中添加0 40mg/kg硒组全血和臀中肌硒含量显著高于0 10mg/kg组(P<0 002);补饲1000IUVE和/日粮中添加0 40mg/kg硒可显著提高全血GPx(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和熟化过程中臀中肌GPx酶活力(P<0 01),但对组织SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)酶活力影响差异不显著(P>0 05);补饲1000IUVE可显著抑制熟化过程中牛肉的脂质氧化(P<0 001),对牛肉的保水性能和颜色稳定性影响差异不显著(P>0 05);虽然提高日粮硒水平可明显增强熟化过程中牛肉GPx酶活力,但GPx酶活力的提高没有降低牛肉的TBARS值、滴水损失和METMB(高铁肌红蛋白)含量,该结果提示不同日粮硒水平对牛肉氧化稳定性没有显著影响。