昆虫病原线虫rDNA多态性分析

本文对国内外昆虫病原线虫斯氏属和异小杆属的47个品系进行rDNA—ITS PCR—RFLP分析，研究其DNA多态性，并构建了分子系统发育树状图。各品系的ITS区无明显的长度差异，PCR—RFLP分析将47个品系分为斯氏属和异小杆属两大类，两属线虫又分别分为11组和4组。所得结果丰富了ITS PCR—RFLP图谱库，为弄清我国的昆虫病原线虫与国外种类的分子系统发育关系及未定名线虫的鉴定提供重要依据，同时为筛选适合的线虫种类防治害虫奠定基础。     

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in Lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in Tomato and Melon, and AG 4 HG-III in Broccoli and Spinach, in Brazil

Fungi isolated in Brazil, from lettuce, broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato, were identified as Rhizoctonia solani. All lettuce isolates anastomosed with both AG 1-IA and IB subgroups and all isolates from broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato anastomosed with AG 4 subgroup HG-I, as well as with subgroups HG-II and HG-III. DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers showed that isolates from lettuce were AG 1-IB, isolates from tomato and melon were AG 4 HG-I, and isolates from broccoli and spinach were AG 4 HG-III. The tomato isolates caused stem rot symptoms, the spinach, broccoli and melon isolates caused hypocotyl and root rot symptoms on the respective host plants and the lettuce isolates caused bottom rot. This is the first report on the occurrence in Brazil of R. solani AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, of AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach and of AG 1-IB in lettuce.     

捕食线虫性真菌18S rDNA基因序列与种系发生关系研究

对捕食线虫性真菌——少孢节丛孢菌A1分离株(Arthrobotrys oligospora A1)的18S rDNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明：其18S rDNA全基因序列为1769bp，在进化树上与同种国外分离株A．oligospora var oligospora 1最为接近，同源性为94．7％。这与二者都具有捕食性结构—菌网的特点相一致。证实捕食线虫性真菌的捕食性结构与捕食线虫性真菌种系发生有关。从少孢节丛孢菌3个分离菌株(Arthrobotrys oligospora A1、A．oligospora 1、A．oligospora2)的进化树及同源性来看。不同国家地区的丛孢菌属(Arthrobotrys)分离株确实存在差异。     

覆土细菌群落在双孢菇栽培过程中的动态变化

微生物尤其是细菌,是双孢菇Agaricus bisporus栽培覆土的重要组成部分,对双孢菇菌丝体和子实体的生长发育有深远影响。利用16S rDNA测序技术,快速、准确检测不同生长阶段的双孢菇覆土中细菌生态群落动态变化,探究其中变化规律。在所有阶段覆土样品中,变形菌门Proteobacteria占据绝对主导地位,占菌群组成的38.67%～47.93%;其次是拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes,占总丰度的18.13%～37.80%。主要细菌组成较为稳定,有金黄杆菌属Chryseobacterium、鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas、黄杆菌属Flavobacterium、丛毛单胞菌属Comamonas、节杆菌属Arthrobacter等。总丰度占比最高的金黄杆菌属Chryseobacterium,在0 d覆土中丰度较低,覆土4 d时其丰度显著上升,8 d后呈下降趋势,并在培养结束前保持稳定。整个过程中,细菌属丰度变化分为3个阶段：0 d、4～17 d和17 d以后,4～17 d的苯基杆菌属Phenylobacterium丰度较高,而0 d 的unclassified_Rhizobiales丰度较高。所有细菌属中,苯基杆菌属Phenylobacterium对土壤微生物菌群关联影响最大。     

油菜菌核病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其脂肽化合物分析

采用平板拮抗筛选,分别从西藏日喀则地区和拉萨地区杂草根围土壤中筛选到2个对油菜菌核病菌有显著拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌菌株RJGP16和YBWC43。通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析,鉴定菌株RJGP16为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus, 菌株YBWC43为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。离体叶片试验结果显示,菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病菌防治效果分别为50.24%和100.00%。脂肽化合物种类分析显示,菌株RJGP16产生脂肽化合物表面活性素和芬枯草菌素,菌株YBWC43产生杆菌霉素D和芬枯草菌素。表明菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病的防治效果与其产生的脂肽化合物有关。     

甘肃省定西市当归“水烂病”病原鉴定及致病性测定

水烂病是甘肃省当归上发生的一种病害.本试验对水烂病病原菌的形态特征、培养特性、生理生化指标进行了测定,同时结合16SrDNA序列测定和相似性比对,发现该病原菌与GenBank数据库已知荧光假单胞杆菌第2生物型(Pseudornonas fluorescens生物型Ⅱ)的序列相似性达99％,其片段大小为1445 bp,编号为ZB1.致病性测定结果表明,该病原菌对‘岷归2号’(新繁品种)致病力最强,‘岷归1号’(主栽品种)次之,对‘朝鲜当归’(引进品种)的致病力最弱.本研究首次报道了荧光假单胞杆菌第2生物型能引起当归水烂病.     

长牡蛎食物组成的高通量测序分析

为了更加细致地甄别滤食性贝类的食物组成,于2019年8月,以北方规模化典型养殖海湾——桑沟湾养殖的长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)为研究对象,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对长牡蛎的胃含物及所处养殖水体中的真核生物进行分析研究.结果显示,扩增18S rDNA V4区平均得到111,359个有效序列短片段...     

不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤细菌类群特征

采用16S rDNA建库和高通量测序技术对3个不同发育阶段杉木人工林的土壤细菌类群进行分析,探讨杉木人工林不同发育阶段对土壤细菌类群的影响。结果表明：16S rDNA在目水平上鉴定比例为80%以上,结果较可靠;不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤共鉴定细菌门39个、纲100个、目151个,不同发育阶段之间3种功能性指数均无显著差异,且与部分化学性质相关性较小;其中酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门为最主要细菌门类。酸杆菌门丰度在不同发育阶段中排序为：幼龄林＜中龄林＜老龄林;按丰度变形菌门的排序则为：幼龄林>中龄林>老龄林。从beta指数分析可知：幼龄林内部相似度相比中、老龄林较低;中、老龄林之间相似度较高,幼龄林与其他2种发育阶段之间相对相似度较低。     

Classification of Tomicus Species

Both morphological characters and a portion of of 28S rDNA sequences were used to identifying Tomicus species.The specimens were classed into groups with the following characters: 1) granules or punctures on interstria 2 on the declivity of the elytra;2) length of the elytral interstrial hairs and hairs arising from punctures;3) arrangement of pronotal punctures and hairs.These characters could be clearly examined under a binocular microscope at 30×magnification and they were applicable and valuable for the forest entomologists to identify Tomicus species.The phylogenetic tree established with difference in 28S rDNA sequence of D2 region revealed that the specimens of each group identified by morphological characters were also grouped together.The genetic distances of intra-species, inter-species and inter-genus were not overlapped. Genetic divergence of 28S rDNA was also useful for identifying Tomicus species.