论信用证单据不符对买卖双方权利义务的影响

由于信用证结算方式的特点，在现今的国际贸易活动中，大部分结算都是通过信用证方式完成的。但是，由于我国信用证实践的起步较晚，国内理论界和实务界存在很多对信用证结算方式的误解。本文从分析最高人民法院1996年的一则案例入手，结合英美法对信用证的理论和判例实践，对信用证项下卖方因提供了不符合信用证规定的单据从而遭到开证行拒付后，买卖双方的权利义务关系作一分析和评述。     

开放性网络互连技术的探讨

从计算机通信网络的开放性原理出发,阐述了网络互连的技术,重点解释了多种主机、多类协议的网络兼客与互连的技术。     

基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统

针对传统作物生长环境数据获取手段实时性差、劳动强度大以及部署微型自动气象站和商用Zigbee产品成本高、开放性较差等问题，设计并实现了一种基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统。提出了轻量级的能量感知路由协议CLFP，并给出了软硬件的相关设计方法。仿真和大田试验结果表明，系统温度采集精度最高可达0.01 ℃，测湿精度达±5%，光强采集范围为1~65 535 lx，可并发的数据传输达到36路，可满足农业现场环境数据的较高测量要求。在标称电源供电情况下，系统实际有效生存周期超过142 d，由于采用AT89C51和nRF2401作为基础硬件平台，成本低廉，有助于大规模部署和应用。     

新时代饲料跨境电商面临的问题及应对措施研究

随着饲料行业国际市场竞争的日趋加剧,我国饲料企业跨境电商业务受到了严重冲击。近几年,由于农业、畜牧业及肉、蛋、奶等产品的市场价格波动,放大了跨境电商活动中原本就存在的跨境物流、金融支付、网络安全、国际法律公约缺失等问题。为在新的竞争环境下有效降低产品市场价格波动对跨境电商造成的不利影响,应从强化国际间贸易协作,拉动国内市场需求,提升国际贸易一站式服务平台功能,增加互联网软硬件技术投入及促进新的国贸贸易法律体系建立等方面做出努力。     

Preventive effects of CIDR-based protocols on premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch in cycling beef cows

Ovsynch is a program developed to synchronize ovulation for timed breeding. In this paper, the authors investigate whether controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocols prevent premature ovulation before timed-artificial insemination (AI) when Ovsynch is started a few days before luteolysis in cycling beef cows. Nine beef cows at 16 days after oestrus were treated with (1) Ovsynch, i.e. gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue on day 0, prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) analogue on day 7 and GnRH analogue on day 9 with timed-AI on day 10, (n=3); (2) Ovsynch+CIDR (Ovsynch protocol plus a CIDR for 7 days from day 0, n=3), or (3) oestradiol benzoate (OB)+CIDR+GnRH (OB on day 0 in lieu of the first GnRH treatment, followed by the Ovsynch+CIDR protocol, n=3). In the Ovsynch group (1) plasma progesterone concentrations fell below 0.5 ng/mL earlier (day 5) than in both CIDR-treated groups (2) and (3), where this occurred on day 8. Plasma oestradiol-17beta concentrations peaked on day 8 in the Ovsynch group and on day 9 in both CIDR-treated groups. The dominant follicle ovulated on day 10 in the Ovsynch group and on day 11 in both CIDR-treated groups. Thus, both CIDR-based protocols prevented premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch when the protocol was started a few days before luteolysis. This reflects the fact that progesterone levels remained high until the beef cattle were treated with PGF(2alpha).     

Rapid brain MRI protocols result in comparable differential diagnoses versus a full brain protocol in most canine and feline cases

Evaluation of brain disease in veterinary patients uses a wide variety of MRI sequences. A shortened protocol that maintains consistency of interpretation would reduce radiologist reporting time, patient anesthetic time, and client cost. The aims of this retrospective, methods comparison, observer agreement study were to evaluate whether abbreviated MRI protocols alter differential diagnoses and recommendations compared to our institution's standard protocol; evaluate interobserver agreement on standard brain MRIs; and assess whether differential diagnoses change after postcontrast images. Normal and pathologic canine and feline brain MRIs were retrieved from hospital archives. Three protocols were created from each: a 5-sequence noncontrast enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 1 (FBP1); a 6-sequence contrast-enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 2 (FBP2); and an 11-sequence standard brain protocol (SBP). Three blinded veterinary radiologists interpreted FBP images for 98 cases (1 reader/case) and SBP images for 20 cases (3 readers/case). A fourth observer compared these interpretations to the original MRI reports (OMR). Overall agreement between FBPs and OMR was good (k = 0.75) and comparable to interobserver agreement for multiple reviews of SBP cases. Postcontrast images substantially altered conclusions in 17/97 cases (17.5%), as well as improved interobserver agreement compared to noncontrast studies. The conclusions reached with shortened brain protocols were comparable to those of a full brain study. The findings supported the use of a 6-sequence brain MRI protocol (sagittal T2-weighted [T2w] TSE; transverse T2w turbo spin echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, T1-weighted spin echo, and diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient; and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted spin echo) for dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease.     

客车车身CAN总线网络通讯协议的制定与实现

控制局域网CAN（Controller Area Network）是20世纪80年代初德国Bosch公司为解决众多的控制设备和测试仪器之间的数据交换而开发的一种串行数据通讯协议。本文介绍了一种客车车身CAN总线网络控制系统，通过研究CAN2.0B规范。制定了符合该系统的通讯协议，并阐述了通讯软件的设计方案。     

能量高效的农田无线传感器网络拓扑关联路由算法

针对农田无线传感器网络节点分布不均、能量约束严格等特点,提出了一种能量高效的簇头选择方法TBCS-EA,在以剩余能量进行簇头选择的基础上根据节点拓扑位置、拓扑密度等进行加权,使距离sink较近的节点与密集区节点大概率成为簇头,提高成簇能量使用效率。针对现有成簇算法频繁进行簇头选举,算法开销大等问题,提出了一种能量逼近式簇头轮换机制,节点连续担任簇头并以某一目标进行能量逼近,在达到逼近目标后进行根据簇内信息指定新簇头,减少簇头选择的次数与协议开销。仿真与实验结果表明,TBCS-EA算法的网络生命周期约为LEACH的2.2倍,CHCS的1.5倍,从节点能量曲线看能耗均衡效果与CHCS相当,明显优于LEACH。结果显示TBCS-EA综合性能较之于现有算法有明显提升。     

分布式异构数字资源整合概述

 

对分布式异构数字资源的整合检索模式、整合协议、资源连接方式、编码等几个方面

进行了概括介绍。