Boundary-fitted grid in landscape modeling

Landscape modeling requires the delineation of system boundaries and interior features. Quite often, these components are complex and difficult to accurately represent. A rectangular grid is used to represent the study and adjacent non-study areas in most cases. When the non-study area occupies a large portion of the grid, computer memory is wasted, and computational time increases. An elliptical grid generator for non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is used to generate a boundary-fitted grid for a landscape model. In a boundary-fitted grid coordinate system, one coordinate axis follows the landscape domain boundary and is non-orthogonal to the second axis. The boundary-fitted grid uses elliptic partial differential equations to distribute grid points inside the landscape domain. Although the boundary-fitted grid follows the domain boundary, the grid pattern and point allocation remain structured. Thus, a landscape model can use a boundary-fitted grid without changing the model’s data structure or the computational scheme. In this study, a boundary-fitted grid and a raster-based grid were applied to the Everglades Landscape Fire Model. Use of the boundary-fitted grid decreased model simulation time by about one fifth and computer storage by 58% relative to the raster-based grid. Also, the linear characteristics of interior geographical features such as rivers and airboat trails were preserved by the boundary-fitted grid, but not by the raster-based grid. This preservation provided a more reasonable base map for simulating ecological processes, such as fire across heterogenous landscapes.     

Landscape-ecological mapping of the Netherlands

The Landscape-ecological Mapping of the Netherlands project (LMN project) started in 1983 with the aim of establishing a landscape-ecological database for use in developing and evaluating national land-use plans. The project, working with grid cells of 1 km², has four working objectives: a) development of mapping potential for basic landscape-ecological data, b) assessment of susceptibility to interventions, c) evaluation of significance for nature conservation and d) production of vulnerability maps, as a combination of susceptibility and significance. In addition to information on soil, groundwater, ecotopes, flora and fauna, the database also incorporates information on physiographical features and entire landscapes. The resulting database is a geographic information system (GIS). This article describes the second phase of the project (1985–1989), covering the Randstad area, and focusses on the methods and the applications potential of the database.     

数据密集型计算环境下的离群点挖掘算法

在数据密集型计算环境中，数据的海量、高维、分布存储等特点，为数据挖掘算法的设计与实现带来了新的挑战。基于MapReduce模型提出网格技术与基于密度的方法相结合的离群点挖掘算法，该算法分为两步：Map阶段采用网格技术删除大量不可能成为离群点的正常数据,将代表点信息发送给主节点；Reduce阶段采用基于密度的聚类方法,通过改进其核心对象选取,可以挖掘任意形状的离群点。实验结果表明,在数据密集型计算环境中,该方法能有效的对离群点进行挖掘。     

基于OGSA网格技术的连锁超市进销存系统研究

本研究采用网格计算技术使进销存系统从简单的计算资源集中上升到数据共享层面，并且实现了协作处理和网络节点的高质量的服务，能极大的提高连锁超市间计算资源的效率和利用率，有效破解因计算能力差、数据来源单一或存储资源欠缺而无法解决的问题。     

Grid keratotomy as a treatment for superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in 10 horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical symptoms of 10 cases of superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses and to evaluate the results of grid keratotomy in these patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Ten horses with superficial nonhealing corneal ulceration in one eye. PROCEDURE: The signalment, history and clinical symptoms are reported of 10 patients with superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers during the period from August 2003 to February 2005. Grid keratotomy was performed in all cases. In addition, the surgical procedure of grid keratotomy and response to therapy are described. RESULTS: Horses generally responded well to grid keratotomy (eight cases healed after one grid keratotomy and one horse healed after a second grid keratotomy; one case was not available for follow-up). Only 2/10 had discomfort after treatment and only 2/9 had some degree of scarring after treatment. The healing time, which was known in seven cases, averaged 8.4 days (+/- SD 4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Grid keratotomy is an appropriate option for treatment of superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses. The procedure is simple to perform. It generally induces a rapid and uncomplicated healing of the cornea. Only in a limited number of cases does a small amount of scarring occur.     

An Improved Method of the Transient Waveform Analysis in Power Systems

The angular frequency and decaying constant of each copmonect for the transient waveform in power systems were obtained by using the discrete Fourier transform; the amplitude and phase angle were calculated in the linear curve fitting method. And all of the parameters obtained above were treated in an unified optimization by using the curve fitting optimization of the least square method of general nonlinear funcrion so as to get the results of waveform analysis. Two examples are included.     

Automatic Generation of Curvilinear Grid for Finite Difference Method with Many Inner Objects

In this paper the partial differential equation of coordinate transformation is computed by the finite difference formulations and some examples were computed and illustrated in pictures.     

A Method for State Diagnosis of Grounding Grid

This paper discuses the method with which the corrosion of the grounding grid can be diagnosed .A grounding grid can handled as a circuit network. With the application of circuit network graph theory and the fault diagnosis theory of analog circuit and optimization, the fault diagnosis equations can be set up. This equations is figured out by Matlab, and the corrosion status of the grounding grid can be deduced from the result.     

THE FULL LOADING HISTORY ANALYSTS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GRIDS WITH UNBONDED TENDONS

This paper presents a matrix structural analysis of variable stiffness on the complete loading history of prestressed concrete grids with unbonded tendons. A model of torsional rigidity affected by moment is derived by the analogy of space truss, and the effect of torque on flexural rigidity is also studied. In order to calculate the increment of stresses in tendons, a corresponding equation is created. Comparison of calculation shows well agreement with the experimental results.     

The Software System for Computation and Drawing of Ship Properties

The softwa re system suggested in this paper is applied to replace the traditionalhanded-computation forms. It uses the cubic sample interpolation and numerical integral,and is writ-ten with FORTRAN according to the accurate formula. With this software system,the nine sorts ofcomputation results of ship properties can be obtained. The system is con nected through SCR filewith AutoCAD,and ean draw automatically eleven sorts of pictures according to the computation re-sults.