曲线和曲面拟合的改进缩张算法

本文对缩张算法进行了多处改进,其中最主要的是与基于数值微分的改良高斯-牛顿法相结合,形成了曲线与曲面拟合的改进缩张算法。新算法不需提供非线性方程的偏导数,但可利用近似偏导数指导搜索方向,提高搜索效率。改进缩张算法减少了复杂非线性方程拟合的运算负荷,提高了利用度点反馈调节搜索步长和区域的敏感度,增强了跳出局部最优陷阱的能力。新算法可在较大初值范围内实现全局最优拟合。本文以3个不同类型的实例验证了新算法的拟合功效。编制了可动态显示拟合过程的Matlab程序,可供曲线和曲面拟合应用者使用。     

花岗岩残积土的土-水特征曲线参数概率

土-水特征曲线（SWCC）用于描述非饱和土中含水量与基质吸力的关系，在非饱和土力学中具有重要的作用。在SWCC拟合模型中有多个拟合参数，各值通过实验方法获得且具有很大的不确定性。采用贝叶斯理论对拟合参数的不确定性进行分析，将SWCC拟合参数作为随机变量，采用Van Genuchten模型拟合花岗岩残积土的土-水特征曲线试验数据。以马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法的延迟拒绝适应性算法获得模型参数后验分布抽样，获得了不同置信区间的SWCC及其对应参数值。     

Parameter Optimization Analysis of Viscous Dampers for Dissipation Structure

The design method of parameter optimization of nonlinear viscous dampers for dissipation structure was analyzed based on response surface methods. The method included experimental design, finite element analysis, fitting the response surface function and parameter optimization. Taking a reinforced concrete frame structure for an instance, the mathematical model of parameter optimization of viscous dampers for dissipation structure was established by taking the minimum all damping force as objective function and taking the interlayer maximum displacement less than limits as constraints, and then the damper parameters were optimized using the method of nonlinear programming optimization. The results show that the method of parameter optimization of viscous dampers based on response surface method can ensure the structural displacement is less than limit and the construction cost can be reduced.     

Quantitative modeling and application of CNC machine failure distribution curve

To quantitatively study the distribution curve of CNC machines, the Weibull linear regression using the failure data of CNC machines is analyzed. As the result of analyzing WPP(Weibull probability plot), the failure rate distribution curve which includes early failure period and random failure period is established by piecewise twofold Weibull model. The establish method of the model and the process of parameter estimated by maximum likelihood are explained. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing the lasting time of early failure period with the actual situation. The optimization warranty of CNC machines is obtained by an object function which is established by the model.     

Strategy and implementation of resolve overlapping spectra based on curve fitting

Aming at the overlapping peaks in spectrum analysis, a novel method of curve fitting based on Gaussian function is presented to resolve the overlapping peaks. The theory of curve fitting is introduced firstly, and then an algorithm is proposed based on both the minimum separable peak peak interval and the curve fitting error. In the peak positioning, a gradually strict strategy is introduced to exclude the fake peaks. The resolution of several kinds of overlapping peaks with computer simulated noise has been performed and discussed in details. The calculated results indicate that the peak positions can be extracted effectively, even in the case of serious overlapped, and clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

三七总皂苷含量测定不确定度的评估

对分光光度法测定三七总皂苷含量的不确定度进行分析,找出影响不确定度的因素,为其测定方法的改进和评价检测报告提供依据。用分光光度法测定三七总皂苷含量,并根据JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的规定评估其不确定度。试验建立了数学模型,找出了各分量的归宿,根据实验测定,A类不确定度由方法的重复性影响所引起,通过对多次平行测定得到的观测列进行统计分析求得其相对不确定度为0.00296。B类不确定度包括质量分量、体积分量和分光光度计吸光度分量,其相对不确定度为0.00321。利用标准曲线回归方程计算标准曲线拟合引起的不确定度,其相对不确定度 。根据分析,本次评估的不确定度由扩展不确定度表示为0.0022。方法具有一定的准确,能满足测定的要求。在本次不确定度的评估中,天平称量和测量方法的重复性这2项引起的不确定度分量对合成不确定度构成显著贡献。     

应用Logistic模型研究糯玉米果穗的生长动态

为了提高糯玉米栽培技术和品种选育效果,应用Origin软件对糯玉米品种‘垦粘1号’,‘吉糯3号’和‘京科糯2000’的果穗的生长动态进行Logistic曲线拟合,并对拟合结果进行分析。结果表明,各糯玉米品种的单穗重与果穗发育时间可用Logistic曲线方程拟合且各糯玉米品种单穗重的Logistic曲线方程相关系数均大于0.99,达极显著水平;各测量值与曲线拟合值间的残差相对较小,且残差随时间变化具周期性;通过所求曲线参数求得的糯玉米单穗重发育的关键点和关键时期,能更好的说明糯玉米单穗重的发育过程,实验结果表明Logistic曲线能较好地反映糯玉米单穗重的生长动态。     

The Determines for the Warehouse Type Rubber Zero Shear Viscosity of Asphalt

First of all, using the low-frequency vibration test on asphalt, rubber asphalt warehouse and their RTFOT Short-term aging products have been tested ;Secondly, application of graphic epitaxial method, Cross model and Carreau model fitting for various materials Zero shear viscosity were determined;finally, the creep of matrix asphalt recovery test, creep through phase and recovery phase of asphalt strain response calculation, obtained under the action of static Shi Zai matrix zero shear viscosity of asphalt.The study shows that: Matrix asphalt in low frequency vibration test, with the lower frequency will enter the viscosity stable stage, can use graphical extrapolation method to get the zero shear viscosity; however for RTFOT after aging of asphalt rubber, in a test condition did not enter the viscosity stability phase, not through a graphical extension method to calculate the zero shear viscosity; by Cross model fitting results greater than the same material Carreau model fitting results.     

MIRA阶梯背模型尾部非光滑表面优化设计方法

为探索车身非光滑表面特征参数的优化设计方法,在MIRA阶梯背模型尾部分别布置凹坑型、凸包型和沟槽型非光滑表面,进行计算仿真和风洞模型试验对比分析不同非光滑单元的减阻效果。以非光滑单元体间距与高度为设计变量,以模型气动阻力系数为优化目标,采用拉丁超抽样方法进行样本设计,建立Kringing近似模型并检验拟合精度,运用NSGA-II遗传优化算法分别对凹坑型、凸包型和沟槽型非光滑表面特征参数进行优化。对比优化前后流场参数,分析车身非光滑表面减阻的机理。仿真结果和风洞试验数据表明优化后的凹坑、凸包及沟槽型非光滑表面模型的气动阻力均进一步减小,减阻率分别达到6.92%、4.03%、4.24%,减阻效果明显。说明文中所采用的优化设计方法具有一定的有效性和通用性,为车身非光滑表面特征参数优化的后续设计提供参考依据。     

Optimization of Curve Fitting Used in Development of Magic Formula Tire Model

Characteristics of a tire are the foundation of vehicle dynamics studying, especially play a vital role in vehicle handling study. It is necessary to establish a tire model in the simulation for vehicle handling because the tire characteristics got by test can not be satisfied.The optimization of fitting to the tire test data curves by Magic Formula is discussed, included the digitalization of tire test data curves, designing objective functions and optimization processes,etc. Finally the parameters in Magic Formula tire model are obtained and they lay a foundation for the development of vehicle handling aftertime.     

水稻叶色RGB组分与SPAD的关系研究

为在计算机上实现水稻叶片颜色的虚拟显示,建立水稻叶片颜色R(red) G(green) B(blue)组分随叶片叶绿素相对含量SPAD值动态变化的模拟模型。本研究以生产上推广的‘金优458’和‘中嘉早35’ 2个水稻品种的主茎叶色为研究对象,分别研究了2个水稻品种的叶绿素SPAD值随生育进程的动态变化规律和叶色RGB组分与SPAD值间的关系,并用Microsoft Excel软件进行了曲线拟合。研究结果表明,2个不同的水稻品种在返青至抽穗期内,SPAD值随有效积温的增加而增大,两者近似线性关系;SPAD值在20~50范围内,叶片的RGB组分与SPAD值也呈线性关系,并由拟合的曲线得到了叶色R、G、B与SPAD的水稻叶色模拟模型。通过对模型的检验,其RMSE均方根差值分别为4.56、4.73和3.55,它们之间呈极显著相关性;表明该模型可以用SPAD值的动态变化来描述水稻叶色的变化过程。     

鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及生长模型分析

为了了解鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的污染情况及其生理特性,按照国家标准中蛋制品的检验程序,对养鸡场及市场共50个鸡蛋样品中的沙门氏菌进行分离,并对分离出的可疑菌株做生理生化鉴定试验,根据试验结果分析,确定其中1株为沙门氏菌,对其在温度37℃下的生长曲线进行数学分析,得出最适生长模型为MMF模型。     

基于WorldView 2影像杉木叶面积指数与植被指数相关性研究

为了探究基于高分辨率遥感影像杉木叶面积指数与植被指数的相关性,以湖南省攸县黄丰桥国有林场为研究对象,采用地面实验与遥感技术相结合的方法,利用WorldView 2遥感数据提取NDVI、SAVI、SARVI、RVI、MSAVI、ARVI等6种植被指数,通过LAI-2000测量的杉木叶面积指数(LAI)建立相关关系,开展WorldView 2遥感影像在估测杉木叶面积指数中的应用研究,分析植被指数对杉木LAI的影响.对不同植被指数分别进行线性模型、二次曲线模型、指数曲线模型和对数曲线模型的LAI反演.结果表明:除DVI与LAI相关性稍低一点外,其他植被指数与LAI都有很高的相关性,高于中低分辨率遥感影像提取的植被指数与LAI的相关性,土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)与LAI的相关性与土壤影响因子L无关.在线型模型中,RVI与ARVI更适合于杉木LAI建立一元线性回归模型,相关系数R分别为0.931、0.895,判定系数R2分别为0.866、0.800,均达到较好的拟合效果.在非线性模型中,反演模型最好的是二次曲线模型,其次是指数模型,最差的是对数模型.拟合效果较好的是NDVI、SAVI和RVI;拟合效果最差的是DVI;最好的拟合模型,其R2高达0.884.杉木LAI具有较佳拟合效果的非线型模型是NDVI和SAVI的二次曲线模型.     

structural optimization of high power marine gearbox

Taking the influences of joggle forces and gravity into account, a static model of a high power marine gearbox was established using the finite element method. The gearbox workload capacity was calculated in four working states. Gearbox strength and structural rigidity were analyzed. Combining theories of optimization and reliability design, the gearbox optimization model was obtained based on the intensity principle. To insure a safe structure, optimization designs were put in practice to improve the gearbox structure. As a result, the gearbox weight was reduced 1 060 t by structural optimization. The strength of the improved gearbox is more symmetrical and the structure of the improved gearbox is more reasonable than previoius designs, indicating the method has certain theoretical and practical engineering values.     

分光光度法测定油脂中磷脂含量的不确定度评定

探讨了分光光度法测定油脂中磷脂含量的不确定度评定方法.根据测量不确定度的评定原理和测定方法,建立数学模型,评估了各不确定度分量并计算合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度.对磷脂含量为0.334%的油脂样品,其扩展不确定度为0.010%.该方法的不确定度主要来源于由标准曲线查磷量、总重复性测定.     

Section Optimization Design of Steel-Concrete Continuous Composite Beams Based on the Finite Element Method

This paper introduces the efficient computer aided design method to optimize the section of steel-concrete continuous composite beams by combining FEM for structure analysis with optimization arithmetic and an efficient shearing force link model of steel-concrete composite beams.The authors established a finite element analysis model,optimization parameter model,optimization mathematics model of steel-concrete continuous composite beams and programs analysis file and optimization control file by using the ANSYS parameter design language. The optimum of the steel-concrete continuous composite beams section is obtained after computing and the optimization result indicates that this method is efficient in optimizing the section of steel-concrete continuous composite beams.So it could be applied extensively in the steel-concrete continuous composite beams section optimization design.     

The Research on the Computational Method of Cam Lift in Auto Measuring Instrument for the Cam Shaft

In this paper,the seeking optimum method for determining symmetrical axis of cam, the method for acquiring the obsolute lift value of every sampling-point on cam, and the method for obtaining the lift error of node on cam as well as curve of lift error by fitting with N order harmonic components are described. These methods, mentioned above consist of the computational methods for cam lift error by the computer controlling multi-measuring probes instrument for auto-measuring cam shaft.     

乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘风沙流结构的定量研究

为研究乌兰布和沙漠流动沙区0~50 cm风沙流结构,揭示流动沙区风沙流的运动规律,在对乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘风沙流实测的基础上,运用拟合曲线和拟合方程等方法对0~50 cm垂直高度内的风沙流结构进行分析。结果表明：（1）0~50 cm总输沙量与各高度层的输沙量与风速均呈幂函数关系。（2）各高度层输沙量与高度呈指数递减关系。（3）上、中、下3层的输沙量均与总输沙呈幂函数递增关系。     

三边形桅杆风荷载谱模型试验研究

对三边形格构式桅杆进行了均匀流和两种紊流下的高频测力天平风洞试验,得到了顺风向、横风向和扭转向的气动力系数以及脉动风荷载谱。采用基于风速谱的数学模型对顺风向脉动风荷载谱进行拟合,验证了该经验公式在不同流场下的适用性。根据试验所得横风向和扭转向脉动风荷载功率谱曲线的特点,建立由紊流激励和旋涡脱落激励两部分组成的谱函数数学模型,最小二乘法拟合结果与风洞试验结果吻合良好。横风向脉动风荷载谱以紊流激励为主,紊流强度15%时旋涡脱落激励贡献仅占10%,扭转向脉动风荷载谱中旋涡脱落激励贡献明显增大,达到40%。     

非线性方程最优拟合的缩张算法

本文提出一种可实现非线性方程最优拟合的新方法－缩张算法（Ｃ－Ｅ算法）。该算法由若干循环组成,每一循环都包含收缩和扩张两个步骤。因而,可以在多维起始空间的内、外漫游搜索目标函数,并利用搜索过程所反馈的信息调整搜索中心和步长;通过较少次Ｃ－Ｅ循环的搜索,便能逼近给定非线性方程的最适参数值。该算法不需要给出方程的导数或偏导数,减少了计算的复杂性,也可能推广应用于解决其它目标函数的最优化问题。