农业专业镇中小微企业服务平台发展战略初探——以广东省为例

农业专业镇是广东省农村经济发展的重要推动力。如今农业专业镇的发展面临着结构调整、产业升级和增长方式转变的巨大挑战，服务平台发展的战略选择对农业专业镇发展至关重要。专业镇的中小微企业服务平台建设发展呈现出以创新为核心、产学研紧密结合的趋势：加快中小微企业服务平台发展，在战略上必须以政府为主导，市场化配合运作，将载体建设与功能培育协同运作，将产学研合作与联盟服务协同运作，将品牌建设与重点扶持紧密结合，形成协同运作体系网。     

工程造价对小型水电站方案选择的影响

为了克服工程造价对小型水电站方案选择的不良影响，通过对永安市溪南水电站方案比较选择的分析，说明工程造价对非国有资金投资的小型水电站在方案选择时的不良影响，并提出相应措施，希望能够更好地实现充分利用水能资源，鼓励投资建设有调节性能的小水电站。     

试论退耕还林政策和市场机制的衔接

国家“以粮换地，以钱换林”的退耕还林政策。过分强调退耕还林面积和林种的“计划性”，忽视了市场机制的作用。因而引发以农村土地承包经营权为基础、以林权为核心的各种冲突。在退耕还林政策中，应当充分发挥市场的作用。把“国家意志”和“市场意志”有机地结合起来。     

EXTERNALITIES,INSTITUTIONS AND THE LOCATION CHOICES OF SHELLFISH PRODUCERS: THE CASE OF BLUE MUSSEL FARMING IN THE MONT-SAINT-MICHEL BAY (FRANCE)

ABSTRACT

Most marine aquaculture activities remain strongly dependent on coastal ecosystems. In the case of shellfish farming, this dependency is related mainly to water quality and to the various ecological interactions resulting from the dynamics of coastal food webs. Such ecological constraints have influenced the overall evolution of blue mussel farming in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, leading producers to negotiate collective arrangements regarding production capacity and techniques and to develop production strategies at the farm level. This article presents an analysis of the location choices of mussel farmers in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay based on an empirical investigation conducted in 2002. A typology of farms with respect to their land structure is developed in which some farms choose to concentrate their activity in a single part of the bay while others distribute their activity more widely. Determinants of the location choices of each farm category, including distance to port, natural productivity differentials, and predation of mussel stocks, are analyzed. The role of the institutional arrangements allowing mussel farmers to develop these location strategies is also discussed.     

Exploring regional irrigation water demand using typologies of farms and production units: An example from Tunisia

Most methods used to predict irrigation water consumption at a regional scale are based on biophysical models and cropping patterns. Their aim is to provide accurate estimations of “water demand” that are useful for water resource management. However, in the case of free access to the water resource, for example pumping from a water table, it is only possible to prevent overexploitation by “managing” the demand for water, which thus needs to focus on farmers’ choices and behavior. In this paper, we propose a framework to represent agricultural activities using typologies of farms and production units aggregated at a regional scale. The framework can be used to estimate consumption of irrigation water and of other inputs, as well as the production of outputs. The framework can also be used to evaluate the effects of technical, economic or institutional changes on farm income, and to predict the consequences of changes for farmers’ choices at regional scale. We used this method in Central Tunisia to estimate irrigation water demand in 1999. We then simulated the changes that would occur if drip irrigation were adopted. The results of the simulation showed some savings in water and in labor, and, with fertigation, an increase in yields. Using drip irrigation would consequently enable farmers to extend the area of drip-irrigated land. We then simulated the widespread adoption of drip irrigation and the resulting extension of irrigated areas: the results showed no savings in water at the regional scale. These hypotheses were confirmed in 2005 using new typologies to estimate the new demand for irrigation water. We also simulated the effects of economic changes on farm incomes. A major increase in the cost of water affected a minority of farms, which consumed only 17% of total irrigation water, whereas a slight decrease in watermelon and melon prices affected a majority of farms, which consumed 78% of total irrigation water. Water demand management tools therefore need to focus on the effects of technical, economic, or institutional changes and on farmers’ choices.     

科技型企业实现股份制改造的探讨

中国国有企业的改革与发展,己进入关键时期。当前一般性国有企业和乡镇企业的改制议论较多也积累了丰富经验,但对科技型企业实现股份制改造涉及较少而且存在诸多难点与问题。本文着重对科技型企业的改制、发展方向和出路对策提出理顺产权关系、经营者持大股和合理界定无形资产价值等问题进行深入探讨。     

社会经济因素对农户作物选择的影响机制——以黑龙江省宾县为例

【目的】探讨社会经济因素对农户农作物选择的影响机制,为优化农作物结构调整与制定政策提供依据。【方法】本研究对黑龙江省宾县384个农户进行随机调查,采用频率分析法,从生产要素投入、作物纯收益、作物出售情况、农业生产技术推广及农业政策等5个方面,探讨其对农户种地积极性以及农作物选择的影响。【结果】作物纯收益的提高、新品种与新技术的推广以及农业补贴与引导政策在较大程度上能够提高种地积极性。而在农户作物选择方面,主要受作物纯收益影响,其次为农业补贴与引导政策。【结论】为进一步促进东北地区未来的种植业发展,研究区应从增加基础设施投入、提高粮食作物收购价格、提供稳定收购渠道、加强农业科技投入力度和拓展服务内容等方面调动农户种地积极性、优化农作物结构,并提高农民收入水平。     

传统征地模式下农民策略选择的影响因素研究——基于淮安市的实地调查

对江苏省淮安市这一典型强政府弱农民地区进行实地调查,了解当地农民在征地维权过程中的策略选择,运用Logistic模型验证显著影响征地过程中农民策略选择的因素。结果表明,征地政策了解程度、家庭收入、是否有亲戚在政府部门任职对农民选择"激进策略"有显著影响;农民受教育情况、补偿方案形成过程中农民参与度、政府征地知识宣传力度、工作人员态度、咨询窗口设立及问题反馈、周边村庄征地影响对农民选择"温和策略"有显著影响。结合研究结论,从补偿方式、工作程序、利益关系等方面提出政策建议。