Further suppression of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> disease in cucumber seedlings by chitosan-copper complex as compared with chitosan alone

Chitosan-copper complex compared with chitosan alone enhanced suppression ofBotrytis cinerea rot development on four-true-leaf cucumber seedlings in controlled growth chambers. This paper constitutes the first report of such enhancement. The optimal concentrations for the most effective suppression ofBotrytis development were 0.2 gl ⁻¹ chitosan and 1.6 mmole copper. After 12 days’ incubation, marked and significantly better disease suppression was obtained with chitosan-copper complex (75% suppression) than with chitosan alone. The chitosan-copper complex could be a very promising decay control agent for use in both conventional and organic agriculture. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 18, 2002.     

链霉菌和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响

为探究链霉菌30702和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响,采用比色法和滴定法观测土壤酶活性的变化,采用高通量测序技术和Trimmomatic等软件,分析土壤微生物群落中细菌和真菌的发展变化。结果表明,链霉菌、壳聚糖、土壤原始微生物和培养时间等4个因素对淮山土壤的脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有显著影响,壳聚糖浓度在0~10.0 g/kg内,土壤酶活性随壳聚糖浓度的增大而提高;随时间的延长,先升再降;壳聚糖与链霉菌之间存在交互效应。链霉菌和壳聚糖能增加淮山土壤细菌的物种丰度,减少细菌的多样性,增加艾德昂菌属（Ideonella）和纤维弧菌（Cellvibrio）等有益菌属的相对丰度,而对真菌的物种丰度和多样性的影响较小,与对照之间的差异不显著,土壤优势菌属为腐质霉属（Humicola）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和uncultured_bacterium_ c_Subgroup_6。其中,链霉菌与2.5 g/kg壳聚糖复合处理的细菌物种丰度最大,细菌多样性最少。     

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes

Oxidative stress is inevitable as it is derived from the handling, culturing, inherent metabolic activities and medium supplementation of embryos. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on oxidative damage in porcine oocytes. For this purpose, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from porcine slaughterhouse ovaries were exposed to different concentrations of CNPs (0, 10, 25 and 50 µg/ml) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocytes treated with 25 µg/ml CNPs showed significantly higher levels of GSH, along with a significant reduction in ROS levels compared to control, CNPs10 and CNPs50 groups. In parthenogenetic embryo production, the maturation rate was significantly higher in the CNPs25 group than that in the control and all other treated groups. In addition, when compared to the CNPs50 and control groups, CNPs25-treated oocytes showed significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst development rates. The highest concentration of CNPs reduced the total cell number and ratio of ICM: TE cells in parthenogenetic embryos, suggesting that there is a threshold where benefits are lost if exceeded. In cloned embryos, the CNPs25 group, as compared to all other treated groups, showed significantly higher maturation and cleavage rates. Furthermore, the blastocyst development rate in the CNPs25-treated group was significantly higher than that in the CNPs50-treated group, as was the total cell number. Moreover, we found that cloned embryos derived from the CNPs25-treated group showed significantly higher expression levels of Pou5f1, Dppa2, and Ndp52il genes, compared with those of the control and other treated groups. Our results demonstrated that 25 µg/ml CNPs treatment during IVM improves the developmental competence of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress.     

新饲料添加剂N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖的急性毒性研究

【目的】研究N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对鸡的急性毒性,评价该药的安全性;【方法】以最大浓度的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(10.5%),按20ml/(kg·bw)(2.1g/(kg·bw)/次)剂量24h内给鸡灌服;【结果】给药后连续观察7天,各组试验鸡全部存活,临床、剖检均未见到异常变化,测不出LD50,根据新药审批办法中关于急性毒性的要求,进行最大耐受量的测定。鸡灌服给予N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的最大耐受量为10.5g/(kg·bw),相当于临床拟用量的3500倍;【结论】N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖毒副作用很小,临床可以安全应用。     

壳聚糖衍生物及其在畜牧生产中的应用

壳聚糖是天然、生物相容性好的高分子聚合物,其分子中含有大量的氨基和羟基,可进行多种化学修饰,得到相应的衍生物。某些壳聚糖衍生物具有比壳聚糖更好的水溶性和功效。本文综述壳聚糖衍生物的种类及其在畜牧生产中的作用,并对其在畜牧生产中的应用前景作一展望。     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组设5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(Ⅰ)喂给基础日粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)分别在基础日粮中添加脱乙酰度为82.5%、86.2%、90.5%和95.3%的壳聚糖10g/kg。试验期7周。试验结果表明:不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响不同,在21日龄,脱乙酰度82.5%壳聚糖组能显著抑制盲肠大肠杆菌的增殖(P<0.05),各壳聚糖组均能不同程度地促进盲肠乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,其中脱乙酰度90.5%、95.3%壳聚糖组对双歧杆菌数量的影响差异显著(P<0.05);35日龄,各组盲肠大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌数量无显著差异;脱乙酰度82.5%和86.2%壳聚糖组与对照组相比能促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖,且差异显著(P<0.05)。     

甲壳素、壳聚糖对家禽生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响

本文就甲壳素、壳聚糖的发现、来源、制备、结构和性质;甲壳素、壳聚糖对家禽生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响;甲壳素和壳聚糖的降脂机理及今后的研究发展方向进行综述。     

季铵化壳聚糖对冬枣的保鲜作用

为研究季铵化壳聚糖(HPTAC-CTS)对冬枣的保鲜效果,于-1℃～-2℃冷藏温度下,采用2%季铵化壳聚糖对冬枣进行涂膜保鲜处理,可保鲜贮藏冬枣80d。贮藏后果实不变形,果皮硬度高,果肉仍然很脆;腐烂率低于4%,好果率超过96%;失重率低于<5%,外观、口感可达贮藏前的水准;含糖量、含酸量、维生素C含量基本不变,保持原有风味和营养。     

水溶性甲壳胺体外抑菌活性的试验研究

用二倍稀释法测定 6种甲壳胺样品的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) ,并根据MIC制作含有甲壳胺的普通琼脂培养基和药敏试纸片。结果表明 :编号为 1 #、 3 #、 4 #、 6 #甲壳胺在一定浓度时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌均有不同的抑制作用 ;2 #、 5 #在试验所用浓度下抑菌效果不明显。用与MIC相同浓度配制的甲壳胺琼脂的抑菌作用与试管MIC法相同 ,而甲壳胺试纸片则需要 8个MIC才有抑菌作用。