Interaction between the sequence of feeding of hay and concentrate,and boiling of barley on feed intake,the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and fermentation in the hindgut of Arabian mares

The interaction between the sequence of feeding of hay and concentrate and the hydrothermal processing of barley in alleviating concentrate effects on intake, and hindgut fermentation in horses was tested. Six Arabian mares (4–10 years of age, 410 ± 35 kg body weight) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding sequence (FS) and type of barley (TB) on intake, and faecal volatile fatty acids (VFA), activities of α‐amylase (AA: EC 3.2.1.1), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase: EC 3.2.1.4), microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase: EC 3.2.1.91) and general filter paper degrading activity (FPD). Mares were offered a ration of air‐dried alfalfa and concentrate (70:30 as‐fed) in four subsequent periods of 14 days including 8 days of adaptation and 6 days of sampling. In each period and each meal, mares received concentrate either 30 min after (HC) or 30 min before (CH) alfalfa hay. Barley was either milled or boiled in water. Rectal samples were grabbed directly from rectum once per period. Mares subjected to CH had higher dry matter intakes than mares under HC regime. The acetate:propionate ratio (A:P ratio) in rectal content was higher with CH than HC. The AA activity was higher under CH than under HC. Mares fed boiled barley had lower rectal concentrations of VFA and propionate and a higher A:P ratio than mares fed milled barley. Furthermore, the rectal content showed a higher MCCase activity but a lower AA activity when mares were fed boiled compared with milled barley. Interactions between FS and TB were observed with respect to CMCase activity, and concentrations of propionate and valerate. In conclusion, the present results suggest that both, feeding concentrate before hay and boiling the barley, might improve the hindgut environment in Arabian mares, and that the two measures were mostly additive and sometimes even synergistic.     

产低温淀粉酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质初步研究

对低温淀粉酶资源的开发是功能酶研究的新热点,本研究从东帕米尔高原江布拉克冰川冻土中分离获得多株高产低温淀粉酶菌株,最高产酶菌株D5-2经16S rDNA鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)细菌.对D5-2所产淀粉酶性质进行初步分析,结果表明,其最适作用温度和pH值分别为25 ℃和6.5,酶的热稳定性较差,40 ℃处理1h后酶活急剧下降,至70℃酶活力仅存23％;在pH 5.5～8.0条件下,酶活力相对稳定;Mn2+和Mg2+对淀粉酶有激活作用,而乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)、Fe2+和Na+则抑制酶活.结果提示,菌株D5-2分泌的淀粉酶符合低温酶特性,应用空间较大,值得深入探究开发.     

谷物种子萌发时淀粉酶活性测定影响因素分析

采用碘.淀粉比色法,研究不同室温、不同水浴温度、不同萌发天数小麦种子萌发时淀粉酶活性的大小.结果表明:室温20℃左右,水浴40℃,萌发天数5 d时,淀粉酶的活性最强.在一定范围内,随着室温、水浴温度的升高,萌发天数的增长,糖化时间会缩短,淀粉酶的活性也会随之上升.     

高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

健康家鱼肠道细菌中的嗜水气单胞菌及其胞外酶分布

从健康鲢、鲤、草鱼和团头鲂肠道食物和肠壁样品中分离出１８５株细菌菌株，利用糊精一品红培养基、氧化酶测定法和淀粉酶测定法对其中的嗜水气单胞菌颁作了调查，鉴别出１９株嗜水气单胞菌、对这批菌株进一步进行了蛋白酶、ＣＭＣ酶、滤纸酶和溶血毒素调查，发现肠道嗜水气单胞菌分别产蛋白酶和ＣＭＣ酶，但均不产滤纸酶和溶血毒素。本文结果证明了肠道嗜水气单胞是肠道正常微生物鲜落之一，对鱼体有一定的有利作用。     

四脊裸胞壳Dh菌株液体培养条件下淀粉酶的产生及活性影响因子

对虫生真菌四脊裸胞壳(Emericella quadriclineata)Dh菌株产淀粉酶的条件及理化特性进行了研究.在孢子浓度为1.5×106个/mL的PD培养液中恒温(25±1)℃振荡(120 r/min)培养3.5 d,菌丝生物量最大达5.1 mg/mL,产淀粉酶量达272.42 U/mg;培养液初始pH4~6最有利淀粉酶的产生,产酶量为1 377.20~1 528.99 U/mg菌丝.淀粉酶活性在50℃,pH 6.0条件下最高.在pH4~7范围内20℃下处理20 min或在pH4~7范围内37℃下处理1 h酶活较为稳定,保持在65%以上.40℃下处理20 min酶活保持90%以上.60℃和70℃下处理20 min,酶活保持在50%以下.在70℃下处理80 min,剩余酶活仅为11.70%.一定浓度的Cu2+和Ba2+有利于酶活提高;同时Mg2+,Fe2+,Ca2+,NH4+对酶活性的抑制作用依次增强.     

松香基功能高分子金属离子配合物固定化淀粉酶(英文)

分别以聚马来松香己二醇酯、马来松香乙二醇丙烯酯聚合物和马来松香乙二醇丙烯酯-丙烯酸共聚物为载体,金属离子为桥键配位离子固定化淀粉酶。测定了固定化淀粉酶的性能,探讨了固定化酶反应机理。结果表明金属离子作为桥键配离子的固定化淀粉酶中,PMGAECa(Ⅱ)En和poly(MGAE-AA)Ca(Ⅱ)En效果较好,重复使用5次后,每5 min的活性分别为11.33、9.44 mg/g,相对保留活性为32.78%、37.59%,最适宜温度为60、50℃,最适宜pH值为6.03、5.00。     

温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织淀粉酶活性的影响

采用酶学分析方法,研究了不同温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明,在设定的温度和pH值范围内,各消化组织内淀粉酶的活力均随着温度和pH值的升高呈现先升后降的趋势;温度和pH值对卡拉白鱼消化组织内淀粉酶活性的影响较大（P〈0．05）,肝胰脏、前肠、中肠与后肠中淀粉酶活性的最适温度均为40℃;肝胰脏、前肠、中肠与后肠淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为7．4、7．4、7．0和7．8。     

饲料蛋白质水平对克氏原螯虾幼体消化酶活性和肌肉成分的影响

用4种等能不同质量分数的蛋白质饲料(30%、35%、40%和45%)饲喂克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii Girard)幼虾(5.46 g±0.51 g )28 d后,分析不同蛋白水平的饲料对克氏原螯虾幼虾肠道和肝胰脏消化酶活性和体成分的影响.结果表明:(1)饲料蛋白质浓度对脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性均有显著性影响(P<0.05);并随着饲料蛋白水平的提高,两酶活性都呈现先升高后降低的趋势.其中肠道蛋白酶和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性分别在饲料蛋白质浓度为40%和35%时最高;肠道和肝胰脏脂肪酶活性均在饲料蛋白质浓度为40%时最高,且各饲料组肝胰脏脂肪酶活性差异显著(P<0.05),而35%组和40%组之间的肠道脂肪酶活性无显著性差异(P>0.05).克氏原螯虾幼体的肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的升高均呈波浪式变化;35%组与45%组之间的肠道淀粉酶活性和30%与45%组之间的肝胰脏淀粉酶活性均无显著性差异(P>0.05).(2)随着饲料中蛋白水平的升高,克氏原螯虾肌肉中蛋白质含量只有45%组显著升高(P<0.05),其他饲料组肌肉蛋白含量虽有上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05).随着饲料蛋白浓度的增加,肌肉中脂肪含量反而下降,除30%组外,各组间差异显著(P<0.05).对克氏原螯虾肌肉灰分的测定表明,饲料蛋白浓度对肌肉中灰分含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).