苦皮藤素微粉剂对玉米中玉米象种群的控制

苦皮藤素微粉剂1和微粉剂2以不同的浓度混入玉米中,当使用剂量为1000mg/kg时,对玉米象成虫的种群繁殖抑制率分别为96.66%和96.02%,能有效控制玉米象成虫的危害,但对幼虫和卵的控制效果不明显。     

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响

采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多.     

富含抗性淀粉水稻突变体的淀粉特性

 从杂交水稻优异恢复系R7954诱变筛选了1个富含抗性淀粉的突变体RS111。该突变体热米饭中抗性淀粉的含量高达7.0%，是其野生型的2.4倍。突变体的淀粉颗粒形态、DSC和多晶衍射的曲线和参数与野生型明显不同，表现为淀粉颗粒大小较为一致，圆形和卵形淀粉颗粒所占比率较高，溶晶起始温度(TO)、最高温度(TP)、回落温度(TC)、焓变(ΔHGEL)及结晶度更低。突变体的表观直链淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维的含量显著提高。     

藁城8901与豫麦50籽粒淀粉粒的粒度分布特征

为研究小麦籽粒发育过程中胚乳淀粉粒形成与粒度分布特征,以小麦品种藁城8901与豫麦50为材料,研究了籽粒胚乳淀粉粒形成、生长与分布特征。结果表明,花后4d,小麦胚乳出现不同范围大小的淀粉粒,最大粒径8μm。花后7d,籽粒中淀粉粒增多增大,最大粒径20μm左右。花后10~14d,淀粉粒体积继续增大,并产生了一个新的小淀粉粒群体。花后17d,淀粉粒以体积增大为主。花后21d,淀粉粒最大粒径较成熟期变化较小。花后24d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目急剧增加,大于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目占比则明显减少,表明这一时期又产生了一个新淀粉粒群体(后期形成的B型淀粉粒)。花后24~28d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目仍不断增加,而直径较大的淀粉粒数目增加减少,表明籽粒中新淀粉粒的产生仍在继续,但以小粒径淀粉粒为主。花后28d至成熟期,最小粒径淀粉粒进一步生长,其他淀粉粒粒径变化相对较小。     

Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat in Relation to Post-Anthesis Water Deficits

Post-anthesis soil moisture condition is closely associated with grain yield and quality in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To investigate the effect of post-anthesis water deficit (WD) on starch content and granule size distribution, pot-experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons, using five wheat cultivars with different amylose content. The result showed that the grain starch granules had a bimodal curve in the volume and surface area distribution, and a unimodal curve was found in number distribution. Post-anthesis WD reduced the B-granules (<10 μm in diameter) volume % and surface area % in Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901, increased the proportion in Weimai10, whereas the effect on those in Jinan17 and Shannong15 was not significant. Post-anthesis WD decreased the number % of <2 μm starch granules, significantly in all cultivars. The amylose content was negatively correlated with the volume of <10 μm and positively correlated to >15 μm starch granules, respectively, suggesting that small starch granules (<10 μm) are low in amylose content, whereas, big starch granules (>15 μm) are high. The results indicate that the grain starch granule size distributions of Jinan17 and Shannong15 with high amylose content were less affected by WD, than those of Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901 with low amylose content.     

苏南典型地区土壤锌的空间分布特征及其与土壤颗粒组成的关系

在GIS的支持下,运用地统计学方法研究了苏南典型地区原锡山市土壤全Zn和有效Zn的空间分布特征,并简要分析了土壤全Zn和有效Zn含量与土壤颗粒组成之间的关系。结果表明,研究区域土壤全Zn和有效Zn的空间分布表现出一定的结构性,其空间相关范围分别达到6.6km和7.5km。Kriging插值结果表明,土壤全Zn含量在研究区域东北部最低,东南部相对较高;有效Zn含量与全Zn有着相似的空间分布趋势,受土壤自身特性的影响,其含量在北部地区普遍较低。土壤全Zn和有效Zn含量与土壤粘粒含量之间呈极显著正相关,而与砂粒含量之间呈显著负相关。     

小麦A型淀粉粒大小对淀粉特性及面包品质的影响

利用扫描电镜对10份小麦种质材料的淀粉粒大小和形态进行了观察,测定了供试样本的直链淀粉含量、面粉膨胀势和Zeleny沉淀值,分析了淀粉粒大小、形状与直链淀粉含量、面粉膨胀势、Zeleny沉淀值的关系。结果表明,不同小麦样本A型淀粉粒的大小有明显差别,淀粉粒的形状有圆形、椭圆型和长圆形。圆形和椭圆型淀粉粒比长圆形淀粉粒要大一些;直链淀粉含量低的小麦样本,A型淀粉粒的直径相对较大,膨胀势较高,Zeleny沉淀值也较高;淀粉粒直径与面粉膨胀势之间的正相关不显著,与直链淀粉含量的负相关达到极显著水平,与Zeleny沉淀值之间的正相关达到极显著水平。研究结果为小麦品质育种以及食品加工提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

土壤粘粒吸附脲酶特征的研究

研究了 8种土壤粘粒对脲酶的吸附情况 ,结果显示 ,土壤粘粒对脲酶吸附 12 0 min可达平衡。土壤粘粒对脲酶的吸附等温线为 L型 ,可用双表面 L angm uir方程较好描述。初步认为土壤粘粒对脲酶吸附为化学吸附和物理吸附 ,且以化学吸附为主