Effects of Benzyl Adenine and Abscisic Acid on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Triticale and Wheat

Grain yield and yield components (grains per ear, grain weight, 1000-grain weight, ear weight, ear seed ratio and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed) were examined in a wheat genotype (PBW-343) with well-filled grains and a Triticale genotype (DT-46) with poorly filled grains (showing grain shrivelling) grown in pots. Six days after anthesis (DAA), benzyladenine (BA) @2 µg ear⁻¹ and abscisic acid (ABA) @4 µg ear⁻¹ were injected at the base of the mother shoot ear in both species. It was observed that, in both wheat and Triticale , BA increased the grain weight, grain number and partitioning of dry matter between ear and seed, whereas ABA decreased the grain weight, grain number and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed. However, these decreases were slower in Triticale than in wheat. BA treatment increased the grain dry matter accumulation, which in turn resulted in better filling of grains and increased the grain weight in both wheat and Triticale . The average grain weight of Triticale was lower than that of wheat. Thus, it appears that variation in grain weight between wheat and Triticale might be due to different availabilities of growth-promoting phytohormones such as cytokinins and assimilates.     

Photosynthate Unloading from Seed Coats of Phaseolus vulgaris L. an Attempt to Define Conditions Required for Stimulation by Abscisic Acid and Benzylamino Purine

The instablity of the stimulation of photosynthate unloading from seed coats of Phaseolus vulgaris by abscisic acid (ABA ) and benzylamino purine ( BAP ) was studied in terms of experimental conditions. ABA stimulated photosynthate unloading at pH 6 and pH 8 without close dependence upon pH. ABA at a concentration range of 10-5-10-4 mol/L displayed stimulatory effect. However, BAP revealed no effect at a concentration range of 10-6-10-4 mol/L. Experiments designed with different transport time of 14C-photosynthate indicated that ABA might act at the plasma membrane of the unloading cells. Reducing endogenous ABA level by diminishing leaf area did not facilitate the manifestation of exogenous ABA function. Potassium ion stimulated photosynthate unloading from seed coats with highest promotion at 100 mmol/L K . However, no dependence of ABA stimulation of photosynthate unloading on K was found.     

外源Ca2+ 和ABA 对高温下黄瓜花药中Ca2 + 、ABA及蛋白质合成的影响

 外源Ca^{2 +}能降低高温下黄瓜单核期花药的胞内Ca^{2 +}水平并提高花粉萌发率, 而ABA的作用与此相反。外源Ca^{2 +}和ABA处理能显著提高高温下黄瓜花药内源ABA的水平, 并产生新的蛋白质。以上结果表明, 高温下外源Ca^{2 +}可影响黄瓜花药内ABA信号系统, 继而可能改变基因表达, 并获得耐热性;外源ABA亦能影响黄瓜花药内Ca^{2 +}信号系统。     

苹果采前落果与内源激素的关系

为了探讨苹果采前落果与内源激素之间的关系,在采前8周间定期测定了不同苹果品种的果柄、果台和离层形成部位组织中IAA、ABA含量;在采收前20d内定期测定了离层部位组织中细胞壁分解酶(Cellulase)的活性;在收获期测定了果实乙烯的发生量。结果表明:不同品种果柄、果台和离层部位组织中IAA和ABA含量变化有差异,但它们变化的总趋势相似,都是随着果实成熟IAA含量下降,而ABA含量上升;不同品种的成熟果实中乙烯发生量有很大差异,以落果多的品种显著大于落果少的品种;采前落果重的品种离层部位组织中细胞壁分解酶的活性在果实成熟期急剧增加。由于果实进入成熟阶段后,IAA含量下降,ABA含量升高,ABA/IAA之间的相对平衡被打破,高ABA/IAA以及高乙烯会刺激离层组织中细胞壁分解酶的活性增高,进而促进离层形成,这可能是导致落果发生的原因。     

HPLC法检测果实组织中内源IAA、ABA方法的改进

以柑橘、猕猴桃、桃和葡萄果实为材料,在前人研究的基础上,结合近10年的研究积累,针对果实组织材料富含多酚类和色素等杂质的特点,对以往的HPLC分析植物内源激素的植物材料前处理方法进行了改进,并配合适宜的HPLC色谱条件,用于果实组织内源IAA和ABA的分析测定。结果显示该改进方法适合果实组织内源IAA和ABA的分析测定。     

设施杏扣棚升温后枝条内源激素的变化

以6￣7年生的设施杏(金太阳和凯特)为试材,研究了从扣棚升温至开花前枝条内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:ABA和ZR呈“升-降-升”的趋势;GA3变化较为复杂,IAA前期含量低且变化缓慢,后期含量急剧升高;四种内源激素中,ABA含量最高,IAA最少;ZR/ABA在升温后16d开始升高,而(IAA GA3 ZR)/ABA的升高,金太阳比凯特提前5d。     

油初始坐果机制研究

以成年油木奈树为材料,对其初始坐果进行了研究。结果表明,盛花后2周内,油木奈出现大量的落花落果;幼果(子房)低水平的GA1 3与油木奈的落花落果高峰关系密切,而内源细胞分裂素ZRs和[diH]ZRs以及ABA与幼果(子房)的生长呈显著的正相关;初始坐果期,油木奈的雌配子体发育缓慢,且有相当数量的胚囊中途退化、败育,无法正常受精,从而导致其大量的落花落果。文中就油木奈的初始坐果机制进行了讨论。     

S-诱抗素对葡萄果实着色、品质和产量的影响

[目的]明确和评价10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂果穗喷雾对葡萄果实着色的效果,以及对品质和产量的影响,为葡萄绿色高效栽培提供理论和技术支撑。[方法] 设立10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂系列浓度(0、200.0、250.0、333.3和500.0 mg/kg),采用田间小区试验,于果实成熟时调查果实外观指标(果粒纵径、果粒横径、裂果率)、着色指数以及产量指标(单穗重、单粒重、实测小区产量等);室内仪器分析测定不同浓度处理的葡萄品质指标(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等)。[结果]1.于“夏黑”葡萄果实转色初期喷雾使用10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂,试验所有处理对葡萄果实纵径、横径以及纵横径比、裂果率等指标均未见显著差异。2. 10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂系列浓度处理的着色指数显著地高于清水对照 (P<0.05)。3.经10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂处理后,葡萄的可溶性固形物(TSS)含量明显要高于清水对照,其可滴定酸(TA)含量均显著地低于清水对照处理(P＜0.05)。4. “夏黑”葡萄经10%S-诱抗素处理后,各处理间的单株产量无显著差异,与空白对照相比,各处理的平均增产率在0.84%-1.93%之间。[结论]“夏黑”葡萄于果实黑色初期喷雾施用10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂,可显著提高着色指数,促进果实明显着色;与清水对照相比,10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂对葡萄果实纵径、横径以及裂果率等指标无显著影响;10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂可显著提高果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量,同时能显著降低可滴定酸(TA)含量,明显提升葡萄果实品质;10%S-诱抗素可溶液剂对葡萄的增产作用不甚明显。在葡萄促进着色使用时,建议使用最优浓度范围为200.0-333.3mg/kg,用水量为833.3L/hm2^。     

ABA， H2O2与NO对木枣果实成熟生理的影响

在木枣白熟期分别用ABA、H2O2与NO供体硝普纳（SNP）喷洒果实,对其调控木枣果实成熟的生理基础进行了研究。结果显示用不同浓度的ABA,H2O2与SNP处理,枣果实中丙二醛（MDA）的含量明显升高,其中100 mg?L-1浓度时MDA含量为最高;Ca、Vc和β-胡萝卜素含量呈现先降低后升高再下降的趋势,其中75 mg?L-1浓度时Vc和β-胡萝卜素含量最高,50 mg?L-1时Ca含量最高;CAT和APX活性的变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势,75 mg?L-1时CAT和APX活性均最大;DNA含量的变化呈现先缓慢降低后升高再下降的趋势,ABA比H2O2、SNP处理对DNA含量影响更明显,100 mg?L-1时DNA含量最高。结论：ABA、H2O2与SNP对木枣果实发育成熟的影响效果较为明显,其生理效果在多方面表现基本一致,有加快木枣果实成熟衰老的作用。