手动比例复合阀在中高压液压绞纲机中的应用

中高压液压技术在海洋捕捞机械—绞纲机中的使用推动了我国渔业机械的发展,手动比例复合阀在中高压液压技术上的应用则大大加快了液压绞纲机在国内渔业生产中的普及。目前,我国浙江、江苏、福建、广东和山东等省沿海渔民使用的绞纲机普遍采用带手动比例复合阀的液压系统。为此,对手动比例复合阀换向、溢流、调速集成等功能进行了分析。     

保护地甜椒新品种海丰26号选育初报

引进国外优良的甜椒杂交种，进行花药培养，获得大量花培当代单株。再选留优良花培品系，配制杂交组合，并选择优良的杂交组合进行品比试验和区域试验。并在各地的保护地内进行试种。     

不同地区黑蚱蝉的形态结构与鸣声比较研究

黑蚱蝉的鸣声和其发音器,具有基本的构造和特性,即种性.但也有一定的地理差异,鸣声有单音色,复合声,主峰频率高低等变化,这和形态的大小,发音器及其辅助发音器的变化相一致.黑蚱蝉的召唤声和求偶声是鸣声分类较理想的类型,而群鸣声不能用于种下分类.     

天水小陇山锐齿栎群落土壤全N分布特征及与生物多样性关系研究

对天水小陇山锐齿栎群落不同演替阶段土壤全N含量进行了分析 ,探讨了土壤全N与群落生物多样性之间的关系 ,结果表明 :随发育阶段土壤全N含量呈稳定的变化趋势。发育中期 ,随多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数的增加 ,全N含量呈“V”型变化趋势 ,随丰富度指数增加 ,全N含量呈逐渐减小趋势 ;发育后期 ,随着多样性指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数的增加 ,全N呈逐渐增加趋势 ,随着均匀度的增加 ,全N变化不明显 ;发育末期 ,多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数趋于稳定 ,土壤全N含量不稳定 ,随丰富度指数的升高 ,全N有先升高后降低的趋势。     

干旱胁迫对地梢瓜琥珀酸合成代谢的影响

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对地梢瓜琥珀酸合成代谢的影响,为其琥珀酸开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】以地梢瓜和雀瓢幼苗为试材,设对照(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量(24.44%)的65%～70%,下同)、轻度(45%～50%)、中度(25%～30%)和重度(5%～10%)4个干旱胁迫处理,测定不同处理根、茎、叶中琥珀酸含量和琥珀酸合成酶活性,比较不同处理各指标的变化,分析琥珀酸与其合成酶的关联性。【结果】(1)琥珀酸在地梢瓜和雀瓢的根、茎、叶中均有分布,地梢瓜不同器官中的琥珀酸含量表现为叶根茎,而雀瓢则表现为叶茎根。(2)随着干旱程度的加重,地梢瓜和雀瓢叶、根中的琥珀酸含量先增加后减少,以中度干旱胁迫处理下最大。(3)地梢瓜和雀瓢叶中α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(α-KGDH)、琥珀硫激酶(STK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SD)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量均在重度干旱胁迫处理下最大。(4)相关性分析表明,地梢瓜和雀瓢叶中琥珀酸含量与GABA和SD活性呈负相关。【结论】适度干旱胁迫能够促进地梢瓜和雀瓢琥珀酸的积累。轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,琥珀酸合成以三羧酸循环途径(TCA)为主,重度干旱胁迫下以γ-氨基丁酸代谢支路(GABA shunt)为主。     

水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车设计与试验

针对水貂饲喂环节劳动强度大、环境差,水貂饲喂机械化水平不高的问题,设计了一种水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车,该饲喂车主要包括控制系统、行走系统、输料饲喂系统、饲喂支撑架收展系统。详细分析了饲喂过程中控制系统的控制要求,研究了控制实现方法和动作过程,通过光电传感器与PLC准确控制所有电机的工作状态定位转换,实现饲喂电机工作参数的人机交互调整;设计了导向轮定轨结构,优化缩短了饲料输送管路;模仿人工饲喂时手与手臂的动作形式,设计了自动饲喂投食结构,并进行了机构运动学分析,确定了具体结构及运动参数;设计了饲喂车收展结构,并通过作业条件分析确定了结构参数。样机试验结果表明,自动饲喂车以0.6 m/s速度行进,以预设的200、400、600 g为投喂量,饲喂车实际投喂质量变化范围分别为165～210 g、355～427 g、567～622 g,饲料堆放质量变异系数分别为6.53%、3.78%、2.74%,漏喂率均为0%,满足实际饲喂要求。该自动饲喂车提高了饲喂效率,节约了劳动成本,增加了饲喂车载料量。     

Effects of autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 on macrophages polarization

AIM:To investigate the effect of bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) on polarization in mouse macrophages RAW264.7. METHODS:The macrophages RAW264.7 were treated with Baf A1, the concentration of M1/M2 polarization related cytokines were determined by ELISA. The markers of M1/M2 polarization in the macrophages were determined by flow cytometry. The formation of autophagicbody was observed by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein levels. RESULTS:The concentration of M1 related proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased significantly after Baf A1 intervention (P<0.01). However, the concentration of M2 related anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 showed no significant difference. The double positive rate of CD197 and HLA-DR (M1 marker) positive cells in Baf A1 treated group were significant higher than that in control group (P<0.05), indicated that Baf A1 induced polarization of macrophage to M1. The results of immunofluoresence showed that the autophagosomes formation was notable increased in Baf A1 group (P<0.05), meanwhile Western blot results showed the expression of autophay related protein LC3-Ⅱ but not P62 was marked up-regulated (P<0.05). For autophagy activator rapamycin (Rapa) treated group, autophagosome formation was also significant increased (P<0.05), but the expression of P62 was notable down-regulated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Baf A1 induces polarization of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 to M1, which may be related to the inhibitory effect on the formation of autolysosome.     

Potato absorption and phytoavailability of Cd,Ni, Cu,Zn and Pb in sierozem soils amended with municipal sludge compost

Effects of sludge utilization on the mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil-plant systems have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the effects of municipal sludge compost(MSC) on the solubility and plant uptake of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in a soil-potato system to explore the mobility, potato plant uptake and enrichment of these five heavy metals in sierozem soils amended with MSC through a potato cultivation trial in Lanzhou University of China in 2014. Ridge regression analysis was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of heavy metals in amended soils. Furthermore, CaCl_2, CH_3 COONH_4, CH_3COOH, diethylene triamine pentacetic acid(DTPA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) were used to extract the labile fraction of heavy metals from the amended soils. The results show that the MSC could not only improve the fertility but also increase the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of sierozem soils. The total concentrations and labile fraction proportions of heavy metals increase with increasing MSC percentage in sierozem soils. In amended soils, Cd has the highest solubility and mobility while Ni has the lowest solubility and mobility among the five heavy metals. The MSC increases the concentrations of heavy metals in the root, stem, peel and tuber of the potato plant, with the concentrations being much higher in the stem and root than in the peel and tuber. Among the five heavy metals, the bioconcentration factor value of Cd is the highest, while that of Ni is the lowest. The complexing agent(DTPA and EDTA) extractable fractions of heavy metals are the highest in terms of phytoavailability. Soil properties(including organic matter, p H and DOC) have important impacts on the phytoavailability of heavy metals. Our results suggest that in soil-potato systems, although the MSC may improve soil fertility, it can also increase the risk of soils exposed to heavy metals.     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病研究进展

笔者总结了近年来国内外学者对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究和发现,详细介绍了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的症状、危害和传播途径以及致病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae的特征、分类和起源,分析了其可能的致病机理,并总结了猕猴桃的抗病性研究。基于目前对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的防治方法和相关研究发现,展望了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究方向和防治措施,提出采取预防致病菌传入、增强树势和药剂防治相结合的防治措施,为以后的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。