Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.     

延迟收获对长江中游春玉米农艺性状及机收质量的影响

为探明长江中游玉米籽粒机械直收适宜品种与配套农艺措施，2018—2019年选用不同玉米品种，测定不同机收时间下玉米关键农艺性状、产量及机收质量指标。结果表明，收获时间对春玉米机收产量与机收质量均有显著影响。延迟1周收获后籽粒容重显著增加，机收产量显著提高，2年平均提高9.72%；而延迟2周收获则有降低机收产量的趋势。2年收获时杂质率总体≤3%，而机收籽粒破碎率与损失率均>5%，是该区域春玉米籽粒机收面临的主要问题。籽粒厚度、籽粒含水率和百粒重是影响机收籽粒破碎率的关键性状，三者与机收籽粒破碎率均呈显著的倒二次曲线关系；玉米的倒伏率、穗位高和重心高度是影响机收损失率的关键性状，倒伏率与机收损失率呈显著正相关，而穗位高和重心高度与机收损失率均呈显著的二次曲线关系。延迟收获能显著降低籽粒含水量，从而降低籽粒破碎率，但继续延迟收获有增加倒伏的风险。综上，长江中游春玉米成熟后适时延迟7~10 d收获，可有效降低籽粒含水量与机收籽粒破碎率，提高玉米籽粒机收产量。     

轮叶狐尾藻对水体重金属铅污染的耐性研究

以狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)为试验材料,采用液体培养法,研究了不同浓度Pb尾矿液单一胁迫下对其幼苗生长及生理指标的影响,以期为今后在探讨狐尾藻对Pb耐性机理方面提供参考依据和实践指导。结果表明:随着Pb尾矿渗出液单位浓度的升高,狐尾藻幼苗的株高和根长以及干质量整体呈不断下降趋势,其中,在100%Pb尾矿液处理下地下部的干质量较对照下降显著(P0.05)。此时,地上部干质量较对照也呈下降趋势,但整体幅度不大,说明狐尾藻幼苗的生长整体受到明显抑制;随着Pb尾矿渗出液单位浓度的升高,幼苗中光合色素含量逐渐下降且整体均低于对照。在纯Pb尾矿液处理条件下,Chla、Chlb和Car的含量比对照下降了14.6%、29.6%和23.2%;所有处理中幼苗地下及地上部相对电导率与Pb尾矿液浓度成正比且均高于对照。各个处理的地上及地下部Pro含量随着Pb尾矿液浓度增高整体呈上升趋势。其地上和地下部的AsA含量和GSH含量变化呈低浓度上升,高浓度下降的趋势。在25%Pb胁迫处理下,幼苗中AsA含量在地上和地下部均达到最高,与对照相比差异明显(P0.05),较对照增加了93.5%和89.8%。而地上和地下部GSH含量较对照增加了35.7%、4.36%。数据表明,狐尾藻对Pb胁迫下的环境有一定的抗性,可被用于Pb污染环境的生态修复。     

茶园节能型开沟刀设计与试验

针对茶园机械化开沟减阻减耗需要,设计茶园节能型开沟刀,用于减小茶园开沟时的开沟功耗。通过理论分析确定节能型开沟刀侧切刃与正切刃曲线方程,通过离散元仿真方法确定侧切刃螺旋线终点处滑切角与正切刃在侧切刃平面内展开曲线终点处静态滑切角分别为62°、56°。对设计完成的节能型开沟刀进行田间试验,试验结果表明:在开沟深度为15、20、25 cm时,节能型开沟刀的开沟功耗分别为0.093、0.107、0.128 kW,均小于对照组通用开沟刀的开沟功耗,说明设计的节能型开沟刀在各个开沟深度均能够达到降低开沟功耗的目的。此外节能型开沟刀在不同开沟深度的沟深稳定性系数均大于90%,高于国家标准和对照组通用开沟刀试验结果,说明设计的节能型开沟刀在降低作业功耗的同时,可保证开沟质量。     

典型山地草甸草原主要牧草生长发育情况分析

对天山北坡中山带典型山地草甸草原4种具有代表性的天然牧草——老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus）、黄（Astragalus membranaceus）、老鹳草（Geranium wilfordii）、千叶蓍（Achillea millefolium）的生长发育情况进行了研究。结果表明，4种牧草的高度变化趋势表现为“慢-快-慢”的植物基本生长规律；老芒麦、千叶蓍、老鹳草的生长速率在返青期到分蘖期时较快，而黄芪的生长速率则在返青后就较快，分蘖期后4种牧草的生长速率开始变慢；盖度和产量的最大值出现在6月和7月。     

Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

全乳固体微波滤纸快速测定方法的研究

将微波加热干燥技术和滤纸水分蒸发强化技术应用于全乳固体的快速测定．比较了该方法与GB5409-85减重法的差异和对乳中热敏物质乳糖稳定性的影响及测定结果的差异。经t检验得出了两种方法对乳糖的含量变化的差异不显著，全乳固体含量的测定结果相同，将测定时间由240min缩短至37min，可以满足生产对全乳固体快速测定的时间要求。     

进口木地板坯料应注意的问题

本文提出了进口木地板坯料时应考虑南北气候差异及木材密度等材性差异来确定留有不同的加工余量，并建议海关按照国际惯例制定以净尺寸材积作为计税材积的标准，避免各港口实行不同征税标准，给企业进口地板坯料带来诸多困难。该建议已引起海关总署重视，并委托国家林业局起草单耗标准。     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液的B细胞和免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：IBD疫苗免疫后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡，表明IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液的体液免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒株攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫子代雏鸡外周血液的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与IBDV感染雏鸡后，其体液免疫中枢器官法氏囊严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关，也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础。     

耕牛血吸虫病检测方法比较试验

目的为了解几种检测耕牛血吸虫病的敏感性进行本试验。方法将经粪便毛蚴孵化法检出血吸虫病阳性的水牛(6头)，同时进行干卵聚酯薄膜环卵沉淀试验、间接血凝试验及快速诊断试纸盒检验的测试。结果以其检测结果与粪便毛蚴孵化法相比，阳性符合率分别为100％、100％和83％，3种方法间无显著差异。结论快速诊断试纸盒检测法以其操作简便且准确、快速、特异性高的特点，在动物血防普查工作中具有广阔的应用前景。