自配饲料现有监管依据及现状

阐述了自配饲料现有监管依据及现状,提出了如何在规模化、标准化、自动化的现代畜牧业中进一步加强自配饲料监管的建议,以期为稳步提高自配饲料质量安全监管提供参考。     

美国饲料安全监管体制及其对我国的启示

美国饲料监管法规体系由一系列的法律、规则和指导文件组成;美国农业部、食品和药品管理局,以及多数州农业部负责这些监管法规的贯彻实施,其中饲料生产注册、加药饲料、生产过程等是美国政府监管的重要环节。本研究旨在通过对比分析美国的饲料监管模式,以推动我国饲料法规的建设。     

饲料监管的重要性以及工作建议

饲料的质量能够影响畜禽的正常生长发育和健康水平,同时也能间接影响环境以及人类的健康。随着人民生活水平的提高,消费者对食品安全的关注度也越来越高,饲料安全性问题成为了一个关乎民生的大问题。本文分析了饲料监管的重要性,并提出了完善畜产品安全监管体系、加强对饲料生产的监管和饲料法规的宣传力度等建议,保证畜产品安全,促进畜牧业健康发展。     

浅论我国饲料工业可持续发展战略（3）

4．2原因剖析 4．2．1饲料行业管理法规与标准体系滞后于饲料加工企业发展需求 我国饲料加工工业伴随着社会经济的发展经历了不同发展阶段。与此相对应．我国饲料加工企业则由最初的几百家发展到目前的上万家。30年间．我国饲料加工工业实现了从量的扩张向质的提升为主转变．从外延式发展向内涵式发展为主转变,从粗放经营向科学发展转变。在行业管理方面．我国虽然有一系列的法规与政策,但尚不能完全满足行业发展的需要．如对饲料经营者的管理只规定了经营条件却未有相应的管理措施、缺乏自配饲料的管理等。     

饲料安全法律体系的健全——评《国际食品饲料中农药残留限量法规》

伴随着我国经济的发展,中国饲料工业也逐渐发展壮大。当前我国饲料工业已经发展成为体系相对比较完善的产业。我国饲料产业带动了养殖业的发展,提高了我国动物产品在国际上的竞争力。由于受经济利益驱使,有个别养殖企业片面追求利益最大化,不惜触犯我国相关的饲料法律法规,例如,不按规定使用一些化学合成药物,最终造成动物产品中药物残留,当人们食用相关畜产品时,也会对人的健康造成很大伤害。质量问题同时还会影响中国饲料的出口以及畜牧产业在世界上的声誉。饲料是畜牧业发展的基础,其质量和安全特性的重要性对于动物性食品安全的重要性毋庸置疑。我国的饲料产业发展迅速,但我国关于饲料安全的监管法规体系的发展却相对比较滞后。有些企业会钻法律的空子,不严格遵守相关法规,使得饲料无论是在生产还是使用等方面存在安全隐患问题。《国际食品饲料中农药残留限量法规》这本书详细介绍了世界上部分发达国家以及其他国家对于饲料安全与质量问题上提出的一系列相关法律监管体系以及一些好的经验。此书可为饲料行业建立完善的法律法规提供良好的借鉴,为进一步加强饲料质量安全监管工作,促进饲料产业持续健康发展提供指导。     

新《条例》实施将引发新一轮市场洗牌 小企业遭受冲击,大规模企业面临机遇

正5月1日开始实施的《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)成为众多饲料企业相关人士关注的热点。《条例》中关于养殖者不得对外销售自配饲料的新规定引起了基层饲料经销商的极大反应,不少原本经营自配饲料的经销商表示可能被迫转为经营全价饲料。而由此带来的市场洗牌也不可避免地会影响到上游的饲料厂以及     

对饲料安全监管工作的几点建议

针对如何加强对饲料安全的监管力度,提出了加强对自配饲料的监管、改变对饲料检测的内容、对饲料的原料进行监管、把停药期的设想落到实处等一系列建议措施,以期为养殖业的安全生产和人们的身体健康提供保障.     

农户自配饲料的注意事项

目前,由于商品全价饲料价格较高、运输费用大、质萤较差等原因,致使大多数养殖场户使用自配饲料,以降低成本,提高效益.但由于缺乏相应的专业知识和检测、加工设备而在生产中造成损失,致使自配饲料在质量上存在许多问题,达不到畜禽营养标准,严重影响了畜禽生产性能的提高和饲养户的切身利益.为确保自配饲料的质量,应做好以下几点.     

对兽药和饲料等投入品的监管模式初探

在畜牧业发展过程中,加强对兽药和饲料等投入品的监管,能够有效提高畜牧业的发展水平,防止畜牧产品安全事件的发生,对维护消费者的权益,维护我国畜牧业的形象都具有非常重要的作用。所以加强对兽药和饲料等投入品的监管,是我国当前畜牧业发展的要求。1畜牧业投入品管理现状当前我国地方政府及相关部门已经加强了对畜牧业发展的监管,在兽药和饲料等投入品的监管提出了更高的要求。对我国畜牧业增长的发展,私营兽药店的数量也呈现出了较快的发展。这些兽药店以及从业兽医,在执业资格以及职业道德等方面呈现出高低不一的现象。尤其是养殖户们还能够通过网络途径购买到相应的兽药,更不利于监管部门对投入品的监管。     

肉羊日粮配合的一般原则

随着肉羊产业的规模化、标准化快速发展,传统粗放型的饲养方式已逐渐被淘汰,目前羊场大多使用自配饲料饲养肉羊,肉羊的日粮配合成为养羊场一项重要工作。若饲料配制及使用不当,必定会影响规模化养羊的经济效益。笔者总结了肉羊日粮配合工作中的一般原则,供养羊场及养殖者参考。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.