ACSL3基因研究现状

长链酰基辅酶A合成酶3(ACSL3)基因是长链酰基辅酶A合成酶(ACSLs)家族成员之一,ACSL3能促进卵磷脂的合成和细胞内脂滴形成,参与脂肪酸氧化和维持脂滴形成的两种代谢途径,ACSL3基因在脂肪酸代谢及癌症等疾病方面都发挥作用。目前,在国内关于ACSL3基因的研究相对较少。文章对国内外该基因的研究现状及牛ACSL3基因的研究进展进行综述,以期为后续对ACSL3基因分子机制的相关研究及育种工作提供参考。     

猪长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1基因多态性与活体背膘厚的相关分析

长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)是为体内合成甘油三酯提供脂酰Co A底物的最重要的长链脂酰Co A合成酶之一,文章以ACSL1基因作为猪背膘厚性状的候选基因,进行多态性检测和相关分析,旨在为大白猪的分子标记辅助选择提供依据。试验采用PCR-RFLP方法检测510头大白猪ACSL1基因多态性,分析多态性与活体校正背膘厚的相关性。结果表明:ACSL1基因的T和C等位基因频率分别为0.565 7和0.434 3;等位基因在该大白猪群体中分布处于哈德-温伯格平衡状态;TT基因型个体的校正背膘厚为8.55 mm,显著薄于TC型个体的9.87 mm(P0.05),极显著薄于CC型个体的11.56 mm(P0.01);TC型个体显著薄于CC型(P0.05);T等位基因的平均效应为-1.117,C等位基因的平均效应为1.455,T等位基因替代C等位基因的平均效应为-2.572。ACSL1基因的T等位基因为该大白猪优良等位基因,有目的地选留TT型个体可有效降低猪的背膘厚,减少脂肪沉积,从而提高瘦肉率。     

ACSL4基因的功能及其研究进展

长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶(long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase , ACSLs)属于多基因家族编码的酶,是机体内脂肪代谢的关键酶,主要催化12～20个碳链长度的脂肪酸、三磷酸腺苷和辅酶A形成长链酰基辅酶A。ACSL4是ACSL家族中的一员,参与对花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的调控。本文结合近年来对ACSL4基因作用的研究,就ACSL4在分子育种、癌症治疗、神经发育等方面的作用做出综述,并对今后ACSL4基因的研究工作进行了展望。     

延边黄牛SCD1基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（stearoy-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1）基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性。以157头36月龄健康无病、体重相近的延边黄牛为研究对象,颈静脉采血提取基因组DNA,根据GenBank中牛SCD1基因序列（登录号：AC_000181.1）,利用Oligo 6.0软件设计特异性引物,应用PCR扩增SCD1全长基因后直接测序,分析其多态位点,并应用生物信息学软件分析其蛋白结构;屠宰前测定活体重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚等胴体性状,屠宰后采集背最长肌,测定眼肌面积、蒸煮损失、滴水损失、嫩度、系水力、pH、脂肪酸含量等肉质性状,并通过一般线性模型分析方法对延边黄牛SCD1基因SNPs与肉质性状的相关性进行了分析。结果发现,延边黄牛SCD1基因846 bp处存在A→G突变（g846 A→G）、1 022 bp处存在C→T突变（g1022 C→T）,其中g1022 C→T突变导致丙氨酸（A）突变为缬氨酸（V）,但未引起三级结构改变。关联分析结果表明,g846 A→G多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重、滴水损失及硬脂酸、亚油酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）;g1022 C→T多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及硬脂酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）,说明上述2个位点与延边黄牛相关肉质性状存在显著相关,该突变位点可作为潜在的分子标记。     

延边黄牛SCD1基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(stearoy-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1)基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性。以157头36月龄健康无病、体重相近的延边黄牛为研究对象,颈静脉采血提取基因组DNA,根据GenBank中牛SCD1基因序列(登录号:AC_000181.1),利用Oligo 6.0软件设计特异性引物,应用PCR扩增SCD1全长基因后直接测序,分析其多态位点,并应用生物信息学软件分析其蛋白结构;屠宰前测定活体重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚等胴体性状,屠宰后采集背最长肌,测定眼肌面积、蒸煮损失、滴水损失、嫩度、系水力、pH、脂肪酸含量等肉质性状,并通过一般线性模型分析方法对延边黄牛SCD1基因SNPs与肉质性状的相关性进行了分析。结果发现,延边黄牛SCD1基因846 bp处存在A→G突变(g846 A→G)、1 022 bp处存在C→T突变(g1022 C→T),其中g1022 C→T突变导致丙氨酸(A)突变为缬氨酸(V),但未引起三级结构改变。关联分析结果表明,g846 A→G多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重、滴水损失及硬脂酸、亚油酸含量存在显著相关(P0.05);g1022 C→T多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及硬脂酸含量存在显著相关(P0.05),说明上述2个位点与延边黄牛相关肉质性状存在显著相关,该突变位点可作为潜在的分子标记。     

莱芜猪ACSL4和H-FABP基因的多态性及育种应用

选取了106头莱芜猪核心群及部分后备猪,用PCR-RFLP的方法分别检测了酰基辅酶A合成酶长链4（Acly-CoA synthetase long chain family 4,ACSL4）基因的SNP G2645A位点和心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（Heart fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP）基因的HinfⅠ及MspⅠ位点的多态性。结果显示,在ACSL4的SNP G2645A位点共检测到AG和GG 2种基因型,没有检测到AA基因型;G等位基因是优势等位基因;莱芜猪该位点呈高度多态。在H-FABP的HinfⅠ位点共检测到HH、Hh和hh 3种基因型,莱芜猪在该位点呈中度多态。莱芜猪在上述2个位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。经测序验证,莱芜猪H-FABP基因HinfⅠ位点的多态性是1 324位点T的插入、缺失所造成的。莱芜猪在H-FABP的MspⅠ位点没有多态性。在莱芜猪本品种选育中,可以顺序选择ACSL4G2645A位点GG基因型纯合个体和H-FABP HinfⅠ位点HH基因型纯合个体,提高莱芜猪IMF性状的均一性,将进一步促进莱芜猪种质的保护和利用。     

猪ACSL1基因的生物信息学及其与脂肪性状的关联研究

为了研究猪长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因在脂肪沉积中的作用,采用多种生物信息学软件和分子生物学方法,分析了猪ACSL1基因的理化性质、序列特征和蛋白结构,并且检测了猪ACSL1基因在皮杜长大杂交猪皮下和肌内脂肪高低组中的表达情况,以及其与二花脸猪皮下脂肪性状的关联。结果显示:猪ACSL1基因是一种稳定蛋白,其二级和三级结构以α-螺旋和不规则卷曲为主,存在1个跨膜结构域和真核长链脂肪酸辅酶A合成酶家族的保守结构域;ACSL1基因在皮杜长大杂交猪皮下和肌内脂肪高低组中的表达均没有显著差异(P>0.05);进一步检测发现ACSL1基因上游调控区c.-33A>G位点的二花脸猪AA基因型个体在活体肩胛后沿处、胸腰结合处、腰荐结合处和活体平均背膘厚度上均显著高于GG基因型个体(P<0.05)。提示:ACSL1基因可以显著影响二花脸猪的活体皮下脂肪沉积,结果可为ACSL1基因应用于猪脂肪性状的分子改良提供参考依据。     

长链脂酰CoA合成酶(ACSL)的研究进展

长链脂酰CoA合成酶(long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase,ACSL)属于多基因家族编码的酶,在体内催化合成脂酰CoA是哺乳动物利用脂肪酸的第一步反应,因此ACSL在脂肪代谢中起着重要作用。作者从ACSL家族的命名和分类、ACSL基因表达对脂肪代谢的影响、不同ACSL对底物的选择性、转录调控因子对ACSL的调控及当前家畜ACSL的相关研究进展等方面进行了综述,并对今后ACSL研究的重点及意义进行了展望。     

麦洼牦牛GH、GHR、GHSR基因的SNPs检测及其与体尺性状的关联分析

旨在探讨生长激素(Growth hormone,GH)、生长激素受体(Growth hormone receptor,GHR)、生长激素促分泌素受体(Growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHSR)基因在麦洼牦牛中的遗传多样性,揭示不同基因型与其生长性状的关联性,同时为候选基因在牦牛中的表达调控提供理论依据,寻找可用于遗传育种辅助选择的分子标记。本试验采用DNA池技术,结合PCR-RFLP和直接测序法研究麦洼牦牛GH、GHR、GHSR基因的遗传多态性,分析候选基因多态位点与体高、体斜长、胸围、管围和体重等生长性状的关联性。结果表明:1)麦洼牦牛GH、GHR、GHSR基因均存在多态性,其中GH基因存在A757G和T949C2个SNPs位点,GHR基因发现T2416C、T3490C和A7500G3个突变位点;GHSR基因存在T1387C和T3006C突变;2)适合性检验表明,GHR基因A7500G位点在粉嘴类群,及GHSR基因T3006C位点在纯黑类群中偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,其他位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;3)差异显著性检验表明,GHR基因T2416C、T3490C和A7500G位点与麦洼牦牛管围极显著相关(P0.01),GHSR基因T1387C位点与其体重显著相关(P0.05)。麦洼牦牛GH、GHR、GHSR基因均存在遗传多态性,推断GHR基因T2416C、T3490C和A7500G位点、GHSR基因T1387C位点可能是影响麦洼牦牛管围、体重性状的主基因或与主基因相连锁的基因座,可作为辅助选择的遗传标记。     

早胜牛钙蛋白酶Ⅰ基因(CAPN1)多态性分析

试验旨在研究CAPN1基因在早胜牛群体中的遗传变异,为进一步寻找与早胜牛肉质性状相关的分子标记奠定基础。采用DNA混合池测序法对早胜牛320个样本CAPN1基因所有外显子的SNPs位点进行筛选,同时进行序列分析,并利用测序图中SNP位点等位基因峰高的比值估算各等位基因的频率。结果表明:在早胜牛CAPN1基因外显子区共筛选到7个多态性位点G3717A、A3854G、C5709G、C6004T、G11058A、G15299A和G15682A,其中G3717A和G15299A为同义突变,其余5个SNPs位点为错义突变。该研究结果将为进一步研究早胜牛肉质性状相关候选基因提供理论依据。     

鹅脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1基因表达差异及其对脂肪沉积和血清脂类代谢的调控

本试验旨在研究脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATGL)和长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因在鹅的不同组织器官中的表达差异,并探索2个基因表达对机体脂肪沉积和血清脂类代谢的调控。选取16周龄五龙鹅30只(公母各占1/2),屠宰后用实时荧光定量PCR检测不同组织器官(肝脏、心脏、皮下脂肪、腹部脂肪、胸肌、腿肌、肌胃、腺胃、小肠、肾脏、大脑、肺、脾脏)中A TG L、A CSL1基因表达量。结果表明:1)在鹅的皮下脂肪、腹部脂肪、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏、胸肌和腿肌中均检测出ATGL和ACSL1基因的表达;ATGL基因在皮下脂肪和腹部脂肪中表达量最高,其次是肝脏和脾脏,在肾脏、心脏、胸肌和腿肌中只有少量表达;ACSL1基因在皮下脂肪、腹部脂肪、肝脏、脾脏中表达量较高,在肾脏、心脏、胸肌和腿肌中有少量表达,而在肌胃、腺胃和肺中几乎不表达。2)ATGL基因表达量与腿肌肌内脂肪率、胸肌肌内脂肪率、腹部脂肪率、胸肌率和腿肌率呈显著或极显著负相关(P0.05或P0.01),与皮下脂肪率呈显著正相关(P0.05);ACSL1基因表达量与腿肌肌内脂肪率、胸肌肌内脂肪率、胸肌率呈正相关(P0.05),与腿肌率呈显著正相关(P0.05),与皮下脂肪率呈显著负相关(P0.05)。3)ATGL基因表达量与血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和葡萄糖含量呈显著或极显著正相关(P0.05或P0.01);ACSL1基因表达量与血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和葡萄糖含量呈负相关(P0.05),与甘油三酯含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。由此可见,ATGL和ACSL1基因在鹅的不同组织器官中的表达具有明显差异性,对机体脂肪沉积和血清脂类代谢具有反向调控作用。     

家畜DGAT1基因的生物学功能及其在遗传育种中的应用研究

DGAT1基因属于酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶(acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase,ACAT)基因家族,DGAT1基因催化反应的底物为二酰甘油和乙酰辅酶A(fatty acyl CoAs),该基因一方面参与脂肪的合成,在细胞中起到重要的中心代谢作用,另一方面作为影响家畜泌乳性状和脂肪沉积的重要候选基因,被认为对乳脂合成、脂肪含量和食用价值均有显著影响。本文通过对DGAT1基因的生物学功能、分子结构以及该基因多态性与各类家畜经济性状的关联性进行综述,阐明该基因在家畜发育中的遗传表达规律,并对DGAT1基因在家畜育种方面的研究前景做出展望。     

Association of PCSK1 gene polymorphisms with abdominal fat content in broilers

Protein proteolytic enzymes (Proprotein Convertase, PC) is a Ca²⁺‐dependent serine protease family, whose main function is to cleave precursors of biologically inactive proteins or peptide chains into active functional molecules. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene is mainly expressed in nerve and endocrine tissues. In this study, PCSK1 was selected as an important candidate gene for abdominal fat content in broilers. We cloned the exon region of chicken PCSK1 gene and found six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Association analysis was carried out and we found that the polymorphisms of these six SNPs were significantly associated with abdominal fat content in G19 and G20 populations. Five of these SNPs were significantly associated with abdominal fat content in G19 and G20 combined population. The polymorphism of these five SNPs was significantly correlated with the abdominal fat content of AA broilers. Together, our study demonstrated that c.927T>C, c.1880C>T, c.*900G>A, and c.*1164C>T were significantly associated with abdominal fat content in populations used in this study, which means that these SNPs in PCSK1 gene could be used as candidate markers to select lean broiler lines.     

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanism in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on fat metabolism and to establish the molecular mechanism of these effects in broilers. Seventy‐two 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into three groups with different levels of EGCG supplementation for 4 weeks: normal control (NC) group, L‐EGCG (a low‐level supplement of EGCG, 40 mg/kg body weight daily) and H‐EGCG (a high‐level supplement of EGCG, 80 mg/kg body weight daily). After 4 weeks of oral administration, EGCG significantly reduced the level of abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The serum triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of chickens in H‐EGCG group were also significantly decreased compared with the NC group, and the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was notably increased at the same time. Moreover, the vital role of the liver and abdominal adipose tissue in lipid metabolism of poultry animals was examined through gene expression and enzyme activities related to fat anabolism and catabolism in these organs. Our data show that EGCG supplementation for 2 weeks significantly downregulated the expression of fatty acid synthesis and fat deposition‐related genes, and upregulated the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation and lipolysis genes. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase) were significantly decreased, and the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 was notably elevated. The results suggest that EGCG could alleviate fat deposition in broilers through inhibiting fat anabolism and stimulating lipid catabolism in broilers.     

鸡PRR5L基因5'UTR多态性及其与脂肪性状、屠体性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究类富脯氨酸5（proline rich 5 like，PRR5L）基因遗传变异对鸡脂肪性状及屠体性状的影响。以矮脚黄鸡为研究对象，根据GenBank公布的鸡PRR5L基因全序列（登录号：XM_015287209.1）设计扩增引物，利用PCR直接测序技术检测PRR5L基因的5'UTR区域单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），并用统计学方法分析其与鸡脂肪性状及屠体性状的关联性。结果发现，PRR5L基因5'UTR区域存在C480G、G514A和A579G 3个多态位点，均表现出3种基因型。χ²适合性检验结果发现，群体在G514A位点处于Hardy-Weinberg非平衡状态（P < 0.05）；在C480G和A579G位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）。基因型与性状关联分析结果显示，在脂肪性状方面，PRR5L基因3个多态位点各基因型间腹脂重、腹脂率和肌内脂肪含量差异均不显著（P > 0.05）；在屠体性状方面，在G514A位点处AG与GG基因型的胸肌重差异显著（P < 0.05），其余指标差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。因此，可推断PRR5L基因5'UTR的G514A位点可能是一个影响鸡胸肌生长发育的位点，但该位点能否作为标识鸡屠体性状的分子标记辅助选择还需要进一步探究。     

肉鸡血浆VLDL浓度与肥度性状和体重的相关研究

以一世代和二世代高、低脂系肉鸡为素材,测定了42,45和49日龄肉鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白（VLD）浓度和体重,并于二世代时屠宰72只49日龄肉鸡（公、母各半）,测定其肥度性状。结果：血浆VLDL浓度和肥度性状变异大,变异系数分别为34％～60％和21％～27％;血浆VLDL浓度为中等遗传力,因此对血浆VLDL浓度选择宜采用家系和个体选择结合的方法;血浆VLDL浓度和腹脂重（率）呈显著正表型相关,其遗传相关为中等至较高水平;血浆VLDL浓度与体重表型相关很弱,而遗传相关为中等,公、母鸡腹脂重与体重呈显著正表型相关。腹脂率与体重表型相关均不显著。表明对血浆VLDL浓度低向选择,在降低腹脂的同时,体重也将下降。为防止体重的下降,应对血浆VLDL浓度和体重同时进行选择。     

Fatty acid composition,fat deposition,lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil

The present study assessed the effect of feeding palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combination on performance, fat deposition, fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression of broilers reared for 42 days. A total of 144 1‐day‐old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly allotted into four treatment diets with each having six replicates of six chicks in each replicate following a completely randomized design. Live weight gain and feed efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with a combination of oil sources compared to controls. Birds fed with the combination of oil and SO alone had higher carcass yield and lower abdominal fat. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower concentrations of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in birds fed SO alone and combinations of SO and PO. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that birds fed diet supplemented with SO and the combination of SO and PO down‐regulated gene expression of key hepatic lipogenic enzymes of fatty acids synthase (FAS), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD). These findings suggest that the diet containing the combination of 2% PO and 4% SO may reduce hepatic lipogenesis, as well as lower abdominal fat content of broilers.     

Polymorphisms of the PNPLA3 gene and their associations with chicken growth and carcass traits

1. An F₂ resource population of Gushi chickens crossed with Anka broilers was used to investigate the genetic effects of the chicken PNPLA3 gene on growth and adipose accumulation.

2. Associations between three SNPs (g.40006G?>?T, g.42344T?>?C and g.42404A?>?T) and broiler traits were determined using linkage disequilibrium, haplotype construction and association analysis.

3. The g.40006G?>?T mutation was associated with body weights at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, carcass weight, evisceration weight and semi-evisceration weight (P? 4. Haplotypes of the g.42344T?>?C and g.42404A?>?T mutations were associated with body weight at 12 weeks, carcass weight, evisceration weight, and semi-evisceration weight (P? 5. The results suggest that the PNPLA3 gene may be in linkage with the causative mutation or a QTL controlling growth traits in chickens. In contrast to human studies, the polymorphisms were not associated with fat related traits.     

白羽番鸭脂联素基因SNP与肌内脂肪和血清总胆固醇的关联分析

采用PCR-SSCP法对白羽番鸭脂联素基因全编码区和内含子进行多态性检测,并分析其多态对肌内脂肪(IMF)和血清总胆固醇(TC)的遗传效应,为番鸭分子标记辅助选择提供参考.结果表明:3个SNP分别在外显予1和外显子2的编码区发生A167G和G711A突变,为沉默突变,在内含子发生C290T突变;3个SNP位点均处于Ha...