红河橙叶表型遗传多样性研究

红河橙（Citrus hongheensis Ye et al.）是云南特有的珍稀柑橘种质资源,仅在元江、红河南岸有零星分布,其单身复叶具有极为发达的翼叶。本研究对红河橙在绿春县、红河县和元江县的11个居群进行调查和取样,采用巢式方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析等方法对12个叶表型的变异和遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：红河橙12个叶表型在居群间和居群内均表现为极显著差异（P<0.01）,其叶表型遗传变异水平较高;同一叶表型性状在不同居群间的变异程度不同,其中翼叶宽/本叶宽这个叶表型的变异程度最大（91.36 %）,而叶总长的变异程度最小（8.24 %）,其表现相对最为稳定;叶片的绝对大小的变异程度（如叶总长、翼叶长度、翼叶宽度、本叶长度、本叶宽度、叶柄长等）普遍低于叶片形状（如翼叶长/宽、本叶长/宽）和叶片相对大小（如翼叶长/叶总长、翼叶长/本叶长、翼叶宽/本叶宽、本叶长/叶总长、本叶长/翼叶长、本叶宽/翼叶宽等）的变异程度,且表现出叶片形状变异>叶片相对大小变异>叶片绝对大小变异的变异规律;红河橙12个叶表型性状在居群间和居群内的方差分量百分比分别为12.762%和34.718%,平均表型分化系数为21.581%,居群内变异是红河橙叶表型变异的主要来源;主成分分析表明前3个主成分（叶片绝对大小因子、叶片相对大小因子、叶形指数因子）的累计贡献率达85.258%。研究结果可为红河橙的群体遗传进化及种质资源保护和利用等提供形态学方面的参考。     

新麦草种质资源表型多样性的主成分和聚类分析

对来自新疆、陕西、美国、哈萨克、利比亚玻利维亚和吉尔吉斯的11份新麦草野生材料的茎干节数、叶舌长度、叶片长度、叶片宽度、小穗数、小穗长、小花数、颖长度、颖果长度和株高等10个表型性状采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法进行了遗传多样性分析,以期筛选出优良种质,为新麦草育种提供可靠的依据。结果表明:1)新麦草种质间表型性状变异程度较高,变异系数范围为14.6%-68.0%,其中小花数最大,叶片宽度最小;2)10个表型性状可归为3个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到83.34%,最大程度上反映了11份新麦草的形态特征,其中小穗长、小花数、颖长度和植株高度是影响新麦草表型性状变异的主要性状;3)10个表型性状间存在显著或极显著的正相关和负相关;4)采用欧氏距离系统聚类法将11份新麦草材料分为3大类。本研究主要揭示了新麦草的形态遗传多样性,可为新麦草资源的收集、鉴定、评价、保存和资源创新利用奠定理论基础。     

甜橙无核变异品系（春蜜）的亲缘关系分析

以甜橙无核变异品系（春蜜）和41份甜橙为试材,通过叶片形态鉴定和SCoT分子标记分析甜橙无核变异品系（春蜜）与41份柑橘的亲缘关系。结果表明：在叶片描述中,叶片的数量性状变异系数最大的三个性状是叶重（26.72%）、翼叶的长（22.48%）和宽（36.56%）;通过对叶片表型性状描述的R型聚类分析,得出适用于甜橙叶片表型性状描述的指标为叶身形、叶尖形、叶基形、叶缘、叶尖缺刻有无、叶形指数、叶重、叶厚度、叶柄长、翼叶长和翼叶宽;在Q型聚类中,无核变异品系和春橙距离最近,在欧氏距离为1时聚在一组。在SCoT标记中,42份资源的平均多态位点比率为65.26%,在遗传系数为0.938处,无核变异品系与春橙聚到一组;在遗传系数为0.91处,无核变异品系与春橙以及埃及糖橙分到一组;在遗传系数为0.831处,无核变异品系与新会橙等甜橙分在一组;在遗传系数为0.819处,无核变异品系则与春橙、埃及糖橙、哈姆林、暗柳橙、冰糖橙和桂橙1号等普通甜橙分在一组。综合分析认为,甜橙品种的叶片形态可作为甜橙品种分类的基本依据之一;叶片形态标记和SCoT分子标记相结合能较明确该品系的亲缘关系,该甜橙无核变异品系属于普通甜橙类,很可能源于春橙的无核优质芽变。     

西北地区和尚头小麦遗传多样性及农艺性状的关联分析

为了解西北地区和尚头小麦种质资源的遗传特性及主要农艺性状特征,采用43份不同来源的和尚头小麦种质材料,在均匀分布于小麦21条染色体上的150个SSR(simple sequence repeats)位点上检测遗传多样性,同时对19个农艺性状在两个试验点进行表型鉴定,并采用GLM(general linear model)模型进行分子标记与表型性状的关联分析。结果表明,19个农艺性状中数量性状遗传多样性明显高于质量性状,除壳色外,其他性状之间均存在不同程度的相关性。利用45对具有多态性的SSR标记共检测出151个等位变异,各标记等位位点变化范围为2～6,平均为3.36个,PIC(polymorphism information content)值变异范围为0.044～0.771。群体遗传结构分析将43份材料划分为8个亚群。关联分析发现11个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为8.89%～24.74%,这些标记可为特色小麦分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论参考。     

内蒙古不同生态区野生山韭表型性状遗传多样性分析

对内蒙古不同生态区收集的22份野生山韭的株高、株丛直径、叶长、叶宽、单株叶片数、花序高度、花序宽度、小花数目、花葶长度、花梗长度、种子长、种子宽、种子厚和种子千粒重等14个表型性状进行观测,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法进行了遗传多样性分析,以期筛选出适合内蒙古地区推广应用的优良种质,为山韭育种提供依据。结果如下:1)山韭种质表型性状变异程度较高,变异系数范围为11.9%~41.8%,其中叶片宽变异系数最大,种子厚最小,14个表型性状材料间的差异除叶片宽和单株叶片数达到显著(P0.05)水平,其余差异不显著;2)14个表型性状可归为5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达81.360%,可以反映14个表型性状的绝大部分相关信息,其中株高、种子长、种子宽、种子千粒重、叶片宽和单株叶片数等性状是造成表型性状差异的主要因素;3)14个表型性状间存在显著或极显著的相关性。4)采用欧氏距离系统聚类法可将22份山韭材料分为4大类,地理类别和性状相似的种质大部分能够聚为一类。     

西北地区和尚头小麦遗传多样性及农艺性状的关联分析

为了解西北地区和尚头小麦种质资源的遗传特性及主要农艺性状特征,采用43份不同来源的和尚头小麦种质材料,在均匀分布于小麦21条染色体上的150个SSR(simple sequence repeats)位点上检测遗传多样性,同时对19个农艺性状在两个试验点进行表型鉴定,并采用GLM(general linear model)模型进行分子标记与表型性状的关联分析。结果表明,19个农艺性状中数量性状遗传多样性明显高于质量性状,除壳色外,其他性状之间均存在不同程度的相关性。利用45对具有多态性的SSR标记共检测出151个等位变异,各标记等位位点变化范围为2～6,平均为3.36个,PIC(polymorphism information content)值变异范围为0.044～0.771。群体遗传结构分析将43份材料划分为8个亚群。关联分析发现11个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为8.89%～24.74%,这些标记可为特色小麦分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论参考。     

芒属植物分蘖数性状的QTL定位

芒属植物是一种多年生C₄高大禾草,是一种重要的生物能源作物。分蘖是芒属植物重要的农艺性状之一,在调控其产量方面具有极其重要的作用。以五节芒和荻的种间杂交群体为材料,利用前期已构建的五节芒和荻的种间基因组遗传连锁图谱,结合2014年泰安、2015年泰安和东平3次重复调查的分蘖数表型数据,进行该重要性状的QTL遗传定位研究。结果表明:分蘖数频率分布呈现正态连续分布,符合数量性状遗传的特征;采用MQM复合区间作图法共定位到16个与分蘖数性状相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释的表型变异范围为11.4%~21.5%,LOD值为3.06~6.09。其中,3个QTL在3次定位分析中可重复检测到,qmfTI-2可分别解释12.7%、12.0%和15.5%的表型变异,qmsTI-1可分别解释12.0%、12.1%和19.8%的表型变异,qmsTI-2可分别解释21.5%、20.2%和13.4%的表型变异;3个QTL在2次定位分析中可重复检测到,qmfTI-1、qmfTI-3和qmsTI-4分别解释12.4%和11.4%、13.8%和13.2%、12.1%和14.3%的表型变异。通过对芒属植物分蘖数性状QTL分析,为芒属植物种质资源改良、分子标记辅助选择以及遗传学研究奠定基础。     

芒属植物分蘖数性状的QTL定位

芒属植物是一种多年生C_4高大禾草,是一种重要的生物能源作物。分蘖是芒属植物重要的农艺性状之一,在调控其产量方面具有极其重要的作用。以五节芒和荻的种间杂交群体为材料,利用前期已构建的五节芒和荻的种间基因组遗传连锁图谱,结合2014年泰安、2015年泰安和东平3次重复调查的分蘖数表型数据,进行该重要性状的QTL遗传定位研究。结果表明:分蘖数频率分布呈现正态连续分布,符合数量性状遗传的特征;采用MQM复合区间作图法共定位到16个与分蘖数性状相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释的表型变异范围为11.4%～21.5%,LOD值为3.06～6.09。其中,3个QTL在3次定位分析中可重复检测到,qmfTI-2可分别解释12.7%、12.0%和15.5%的表型变异,qmsTI-1可分别解释12.0%、12.1%和19.8%的表型变异,qmsTI-2可分别解释21.5%、20.2%和13.4%的表型变异;3个QTL在2次定位分析中可重复检测到,qmfTI-1、qmfTI-3和qmsTI-4分别解释12.4%和11.4%、13.8%和13.2%、12.1%和14.3%的表型变异。通过对芒属植物分蘖数性状QTL分析,为芒属植物种质资源改良、分子标记辅助选择以及遗传学研究奠定基础。     

日本结缕草体细胞变异表型和分子标记的研究

结缕草（Zoysia japonica）是重要的暖季型草坪草。本研究以1粒种子诱导的愈伤长期继代后的再生植株为材料,在大田中分小区种植,测量其植株表型数据,并同时利用ISSR标记对遗传变异进行分析。在形态和遗传上研究日本结缕草的体细胞变异水平和特征。结果显示,日本结缕草体细胞表型变异中匍匐茎数量和绿色期变异系数较大。10个表型性状经过主成分分析发现,重要表型指标分散,前5个主成分可以代表整体坪用表型,其中第1主成分可以代表直立茎指标,第2主成分代表匍匐茎蔓延能力和生殖枝高度。ISSR标记分析遗传多样性显示,再生植株多态性条带率83.6%,特异性条带15.1%,具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究可为日本结缕草获得丰富优异变异提供快捷途径,并有利于根据结缕草体细胞变异特点确定育种方向,快速培育新品种。     

鸭茅品种(系)表型分析及隶属函数综合评价

以32个鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）品种（系）为研究对象,对其12个表型及产量相关性状进行研究分析,以期为鸭茅品种选育及改良提供参考。结果表明：不同鸭茅品种资源的表型特征存在广泛变异,其中以穗叶距变异最大,花序宽度和节间长度次之,而倒二叶宽度变异最小,品种内平均表型变异系数为26.71%（01472）~179.13%（金牛）。供试各性状间显著相关,叶片长而宽的鸭茅,植株高大,节间长,穗叶距长。主成分结果显示,前3个主成分累计贡献率达61.75%,反映了总体数据的大部分信息。隶属函数法分析表明,‘滇北’、‘Cristobal’、‘01472’、‘波特’、‘宝兴’、‘川东’在各供试鸭茅品种（系）中表现较优,是鸭茅新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.     

优质肉鸡S3系体重与体尺性状指标的主成分分析

为研究地方优质肉鸡S3系体重和体尺性状之间的内在相关性,12周龄时选取同一饲养条件下的150只鸡(公母各半)进行体重和体尺性状等7个指标的测定。结果表明:S3系公鸡的体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胸角均显著高于母鸡(P0.05);公母鸡体重、体斜长、胸宽、胫围这4项指标变异系数较大,有较大选育空间;体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胸角、胫围呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.57、0.52、0.51、0.49和0.47,与胸深、胫长呈显著相关(P0.05),相关系数分别为0.44和0.39;其他各体尺指标间也存在不同程度的正负相关性(P0.05或P0.01);体重和7个体尺性能指标综合成5个复合指标,累计贡献率达92.6355%,其中第l、2、3、4、5主成分分别解释总变异的36.5353%、22.8642%、13.3115%、10.4535%和8.4710%;各主成分的特征根分布较广,经统计计算入选的5个主成分所包含信息的侧重点各有相同,分别都在一定程度上反映了S3鸡的体型特征和生长发育规律,为今后选育出更加符合市场需求的屠宰加工优质型肉鸡指明了的方向。