桑黄活性成分的提取方法及应用研究进展

为了充分开发利用桑黄,进一步拓宽桑黄活性成分在不同领域的应用范围,在前人研究的基础上综述桑黄的多糖类化合物、黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物等主要活性成分在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保肝护肝、免疫调节与抗炎、抗菌方面的药理作用,并综述了活性物质成分的构成和提取分离方法,总结桑黄活性成分在食品、药品和化妆品领域的研究开发前景,为桑黄活性物...     

桑黄的人工栽培及药用功效研究进展

桑黄是一类珍稀的药用真菌，市场需求量大，人工栽培桑黄及其药用功效也随之成为研究热点。目前人工栽培桑黄的方法主要有桑黄菌丝发酵培养、袋料栽培桑黄子实体，采用这2种方法能够有效解决野生桑黄生长周期长、产量低以及药性不稳定等问题，提高桑黄的产量和产品质量及生产效益。桑黄具有的抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖和调节免疫等多种功效也已被研究证实，并得到了国内外医药与保健行业的关注，显示出桑黄的开发利用深度将会进一步加强，应用范围也将拓宽。     

从鲁桑种质资源中选拔抗病品种的研究

从山东鲁桑（ＭｏｒｕｓｍｕｌｔｉｃａｕｌｉｓＰｅｒｒ．）地方品种资源中，选用３０个品种进行抗桑黄化型萎缩病、桑疫病、桑炭疽病、桑里白粉病、桑污叶病的综合鉴定，并调查产量性状，选拔出青黄桑、黄芯采桑、小白条３个抗病的优良品种。     

不同粒径粉碎对葛根主要有效成分葛根素溶出影响的研究

葛根经普通粉碎和超微粉碎后加工成40-65、65-100、100-200、200-300目不同粒径粉末,分别用水和30%乙醇提取,高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定葛根素的含量,比较不同粒径葛根粉中有效成分葛根素溶出率的差异。结果其水提葛根素含量分别为2.68%、2.95%、3.03%、3.13%、3.20%;醇提葛根素含量分别为3.10%、3.17%、3.35%、3.55%、3.66%。该结果表明,随着葛根粉碎粒径的变小,葛根素的溶出率显著提高,醇提葛根素的含量明显高于水提葛根素。     

鞘翅目几种常见桑树害虫的识别及防治

1 鞘翅目桑树害虫的种类。鞘翅目害虫种类繁多，其总的特征为：体壁坚硬，质地角质。主要的害虫有桑象虫、桑大象虫、桑小灰象虫、黑绒金龟子、暗黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟、桑黄萤叶甲、中华桑萤叶甲、桑天牛、桑虎天牛、黄星天牛、桑梢小蠹虫等，其中桑园中常见的害虫有桑象虫、暗黑鳃金龟、桑黄萤叶甲、桑天牛和桑梢小蠹虫等。     

山西省桑树病虫害名录

据调查,山西省桑树病虫害种类较多,分布面广,在全省3个市5个地区均有不同程度发生为害.初步统计,桑病共有18种,桑虫共有38种.其中桑黄化型萎缩病,桑疫病,桑赤锈病,桑褐斑病,桑蟥,蠼螋,桑尺蠖,黑绒金龟子为害比较严重.     

桑天牛对5种植物源挥发性化合物及其混合物的触角电位和行为反应

桑天牛[Apriona germari(Hope)]是桑树等多种经济林木的蛀干害虫。为筛选可用于桑天牛防控的植物源引诱剂或驱避剂,采用触角电位仪测试桑天牛成虫对不同浓度反-3-己烯醇、壬醛、癸醛、Z-乙酸-3-己烯酯和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯等植物源单体挥发性化合物以及5种化合物不同配比混合物的触角电位(EAG)反应,并用自制"Y"型嗅觉仪测试雌、雄成虫对上述不同浓度植物源挥发性化合物的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明:桑天牛成虫对5种植物源单体化合物均有明显的EAG反应,而且化合物浓度在0.000 1~1 mol/L范围内,随着化合物浓度的增加,EAG反应值有增大趋势;以不同单体化合物配制混合物进行的测试中,桑天牛成虫对第5、8、9、10号方案的混配物的EAG反应相对值较高。在应用单体化合物测试桑天牛成虫的嗅觉行为反应时,反-3-己烯醇、癸醛对桑天牛成虫表现出较强的驱避作用(P0.01),而壬醛、Z-乙酸-3-己烯酯和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯则对其有较好的引诱作用。     

现行桑品种抗病性调查初报

<正> 目前,桑黄化型萎缩病、桑细菌病、桑褐班病在我省出现流行的势头。为了选育抗病丰产桑品种,我们对全国现行主要桑品种进行集中试验,调查其发病情况。在试验调查中,发现在环境条件和肥培管理相同的同一地块桑园中,由于桑品种不同,其病害程度有明显差异。说明桑品种不同,其抗病性强弱不同。为选育抗病性丰产品种及桑品种引进提供了一定的根根,现将试验结果,初报如下: 一、材料和方法1、供试桑品种从全国七大桑区引     

恩诺沙星微囊体外溶出度的研究

为了遮蔽恩诺沙星的苦味,改善恩诺沙星的适口性,利用沸腾包衣工艺对恩诺沙星进行包衣,制成恩诺沙星微囊,作为恩诺沙星口服给药制剂的原料。通过体外溶出度试验,测定了恩诺沙星微囊在猪人工胃液中的溶出度。结果表明：不同粒径的恩诺沙星微囊在猪人工胃液中均能迅速溶出,60 min即接近最大溶出度。微囊粒径大小对恩诺沙星的溶出有一定影响,粒径越小溶出越快,最大溶出度也越高。     

农桑14号在生产应用中存在的问题与对策

农桑14号是浙江省农业科学院蚕桑研究所育成的早生中熟桑树新品种,以其生长势旺盛、叶形大、叶肉厚、产量高、叶质优,对桑黄化型萎缩病、桑黑枯型细菌病、桑蓟马、红蜘蛛等病虫具有较强抗性,扦插成活率高等优良生物学和经济学性状[1],近     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.