原场鸡大肠埃希氏菌多价灭活苗的制备及应用效果观察

用从豫北地区一家大型个体养鸡场分离到的致鸡大肠埃希氏菌病8个血清型菌株O1、O2、O78、O36、O11、O88和O50以及未知菌株的培养物,经0.4%的福尔马林灭活48h,制成原场大肠埃希氏菌多价灭活苗,含菌量为150亿/ml。分别免疫批10日龄鸡只,剂量0.2ml/只,使鸡只获得对原场大肠埃希氏菌株比较高的免疫力。该灭活苗的安全性和免疫原性良好,对同型菌株攻毒后对鸡只的保护率达90%以上,对鸡大肠埃希氏菌病有较强的预防作用。     

不同种类中药废弃物和中药复方的体外抑菌试验

为了寻找更为安全高效的动物替抗药物，本试验以3种中药复方和7种中药废弃物为材料，采用K-B纸片法检测抑菌圈直径、二倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、平板涂布法检测最低杀菌浓度(MBC),综合评价所选药物对大肠埃希菌、肠炎沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。试验结果显示：9种药物(除清开灵药渣外)都对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用，其MIC和MBC值在3.91～125 mg/mL范围内，为金黄色葡萄球菌中度到高度敏感药物；中药复方1和中药复方3对大肠埃希菌的MIC值分别为125 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL,表现为中度抑大肠埃希菌；忍冬藤和中药复方1对肠炎沙门菌的MIC值都是125 mg/mL,为肠炎沙门菌中度敏感药物。试验结果表明，3种中药复方和6种中药废弃物(除清开灵药渣外)可开发成防治金黄色葡萄球菌感染性疾病的药物，中药复方1和中药复方3可预防和治疗禽畜大肠埃希菌感染，而中药复方1和忍冬藤可防治畜禽因感染肠炎沙门菌引起的病症。     

中药复方防治禽霍乱的效果试验

应用中草药复方水煎液防治禽霍乱，体外抑菌试验表明该中药复方对Ｃ４８－１禽霍乱巴氏杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）为６４０倍，同时对Ｃ７９－６２鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌４４６７６（Ｏ７８：Ｋ８０）有较好的抑菌作用，ＭＩＣＩ分别为６４０倍和３２０倍；对人工感染禽霍乱病鸡的治疗保护率达１００％，以人工感染禽霍乱病鸡的预防保护率达８３．３３％，比现行氢氧化铝菌苗的保护率高３３．３３％，与菌苗合用能显著提     

鸡大肠埃希菌与沙门菌混合感染的病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

对武汉市某鸡场送检的病鸡进行病理剖检,病理组织切片观察,并从病鸡的肝脏和心脏中分离得到两株细菌,依次进行分离纯化培养、镜检、生化鉴定及鸡白痢鸡伤寒玻片凝集试验,确定一株为大肠埃希菌,另一株为沙门菌.通过进行小鼠感染试验,表明所分离的两株细菌均有致病力.通过药敏试验分析它们对卡那霉素、恩诺沙星、利福平、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、...     

中西医结合防治肉鸡大肠埃希菌病

为了验证中西兽药结合对肉鸡人工感染大肠埃希菌后的治疗效果,在验方的基础上加减组方,以AA肉鸡为试验动物,通过动物感染试验,研究了中药处方1和处方2对肉鸡人工感染大肠埃希菌的保护作用,单纯使用磺胺嘧啶和小诺霉素的治疗效果以及预防性使用中药后的抗菌药物治疗效果.处方1和处方2有效率分别为23.3%和20.0%,感染对照组的...     

中药合剂对防治鸡大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌混合感染的研究

近年来高度集约化饲养已成为养殖业的发展趋势。鸡大肠埃希菌和沙门菌病已成为危害养鸡业的两大重要细菌性疾病,禽沙门菌病被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为B类传染病。鸡伤寒是由鸡伤寒沙门菌引起的一种急性或慢性败血性疾病,在临床诊断中该病主要引起成年鸡发病,由于本病可通过种蛋垂直传播,因此也可引起雏鸡发病,雏鸡一旦感染,会造成较长时间的伤亡。大肠埃希菌是畜牧业最常见的细菌病之一,禽类大肠埃希菌和沙门菌混合感染以发病率和死亡率高,两种细菌血清型     

河北省保定地区雏鸡鸡白痢沙门菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为了有效防控雏鸡白痢沙门菌病,试验自保定某蛋种鸡场疑似为鸡沙门菌病雏鸡采取肝脏病料进行细菌的分离培养、生化鉴定、鸡白痢沙门菌多价血清学鉴定及沙门菌inv A基因PCR鉴定,并对分离菌进行致病性检测及对7种抗菌药物的耐药性检测。结果表明,10株分离菌的形态特征、生化特性、血清学鉴定结果符合鸡白痢沙门菌的特征,说明从病死雏鸡组织中分离出的细菌为鸡白痢沙门菌。沙门菌inv A基因PCR扩增出373 bp目的片段,进一步证实分离菌为鸡沙门菌。用分离菌株接种雏鸡,其死亡率高达90%,表明该菌株有很高的致病性。10株分离菌株对阿莫西林和青霉素耐药率达100%,对阿齐霉素的耐药率达90%,而对阿米卡星、头孢唑林和庆大霉素耐药性较弱、对氧氟沙星较为敏感。3耐菌株多重耐药比例为42.86%,4耐菌株多重耐药比例为57.14%,5耐菌株多重耐药比例为71.43%,说明雏鸡沙门菌分离株对所试抗菌药物均表现出不同程度的耐药性,且表现出多重耐药现象。本试验为鸡白痢沙门菌病的防治提供参考。     

不发酵或迟发酵乳糖型禽大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定

从临床疑似大肠埃希菌感染病鸡的肝脏,分离到24株能在麦康凯平板生长但呈灰白色菌落的革兰阴性中等大小杆菌.通过IMViC试验、糖发酵试验、三糖铁斜面接种试验确定为大肠埃希菌,且其中16株为不发酵乳糖型,8株为迟发酵乳糖型.血清学试验表明,其中12株(50%)为O78抗原型,9株(37.5%)为O1抗原型,3株(12.5%)未能定型.利用PCR方法检测了该24株大肠埃希菌的F1菌毛与P菌毛基因,结果表明,其中10株(41.67%)为F1+大肠埃希菌,未发现P+分离株.药敏试验发现,所有菌株均对头孢拉定和阿米卡星敏感,部分菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明敏感,而对新霉素均为耐药.     

鸡肉源与病鸡源沙门菌血清型及耐药状况的比较

为了解市售鲜鸡肉中污染的与临床病鸡感染的沙门菌在血清型与耐药性的差异,对2012-2014年间自南宁市售鲜生鸡肉和同期送检病鸡中分离到的沙门菌进行了血清型分析以及耐药性的比较。结果显示,32株鸡肉源性沙门菌的血清型分布广泛,包括有德比、纽兰和阿贡纳沙门菌等16种血清型;39株病鸡源性沙门菌的血清型则较为单一,只有鸡白痢、鼠伤寒和鸡伤寒沙门菌3种血清型;两种来源的沙门菌均对四环素、复方新诺明、甲氧苄啶,氨苄西林及阿莫西林有较高的耐药性;另外,病鸡源性分离株中多重耐药菌株的比例(89.7%)比鸡肉源性的(56.2%)高。本研究表明,南宁市售鲜生鸡肉与病鸡中的沙门菌分离株在血清型来源上完全不同,提示市售鸡肉中污染的食源性沙门菌并非来自饲养阶段的患病鸡;病鸡源性沙门菌的耐药情况较鸡肉源性沙门菌的更为严重。     

惠州地区鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病血清学调查

为了解惠州地区鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病的发生与流行现状,为本病的防治提供依据,采用平板凝集试验对惠州地区的部分禽群进行鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病血清学调查。结果显示,惠州地区鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病抗体阳性率为8.30%,惠州地区不同养殖模式鸡群、不同县(区)(仲恺区除外)鸡群、不同日龄鸡群、不同用途鸡群,种禽场不同性别禽群均有不同程度感染鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病,说明惠州地区的鸡群受鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌病感染的情况普遍存在,相关部门应该切实加强对该病的防制与净化工作。     

Effect of Synbiotic and Antibacterial Peptide on Colibacillosis and Immune Regulation in Broiler Chickens

This experiment was to study the effect of synbiotic and antibacterial peptide on growth performance,and the immune regulation of broiler chickens after the E.coli O78 attack. Totally 100 broilers of health 1-day-old Ross 308 were randomly divided into four treatment groups:Synbiotic group (group S) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic;Antibacterial peptides group (group AP) was fed with basal diet+0.5% antibacterial peptide; Antibacterial peptide+synbiotic group (group SAP) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic+0.5% antibacterial peptide;Control group (group C) was fed with basal diet,and the growth performance were determined. At the 14th day,10 chickens from each group were randomly selected for muscle injection with E.coli O78 (the attacked control group was named as model group (group M)),and after 24 h,the morbidity,mortality and immune function of chickens in each group were determined. The results showed that compared with control group,the F/G and ADF of groups S and AP were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Before E.coli O78 attack,the bursa index of group SAP was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and other groups had no significant difference (P>0.05);While after the E.coli O78 attack,the thymus,spleen and bursa indexes of groups S and AP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),the spleen and bursa indexes of group SAP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and the thymus index showed no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the group M,the IgA,sIgA and IL-10 of group S showed no significant difference (P>0.05),while the IL-6 levels decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01);The IgA and IL-6 of group AP were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),meanwhile the sIgA and IL-10 were significantly or extremely significantly higher (P<0.05;P<0.01); The changed trend of SAP group was the same as the group AP.In conclusion,the synbiotic and antibacterial peptide could improve the feed conversion rate of chickens and they were used alone or combination all could improved chicken immune function after the bacteria attack.     

合生素和抗菌肽对肉仔鸡大肠杆菌病的防制效果及免疫调节作用

试验旨在研究添加自制合生素和新型抗菌肽对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,以及攻毒后对其免疫功能的调节作用。选取健康的1日龄科宝Ross 308肉仔鸡100只,随机分为4组。自制合生素组（S组）饲喂基础日粮+0.3%合生素;抗菌肽组（AP组）饲喂基础日粮+0.5%抗菌肽;抗菌肽+合生素组（SAP组）饲喂基础日粮+0.3%合生素+0.5%抗菌肽;对照组（C组）饲喂基础日粮。试验期间测定各组肉鸡生长性能;在试验第14天,同时每组随机选取10只肉仔鸡进行大肠杆菌O78攻毒（对照组攻毒后设为攻菌模型组（M组））,观察记录24 h各组鸡的发病和死亡情况,并测定肉仔鸡的免疫功能。结果显示,与对照组相比,S组和AP组料重比和平均日采食量显著降低（P<0.05）,SAP组的法氏囊指数在攻毒前显著升高（P<0.05）,其他各组无显著差异（P>0.05）;攻毒后,S组及AP组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数及法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,SAP组的脾脏指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,胸腺指数与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。攻毒后S组中IgA、sIgA和IL-10与M组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而IL-6极显著降低（P<0.01）;AP组中IgA和IL-6均极显著降低（P<0.01）,sIgA和IL-10显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;SAP组的变化趋势与AP组相同。综上所述,日粮中分别添加合生素和抗菌肽可以提高肉仔鸡的饲料转化率;攻菌后,合生素和抗菌肽以及两者联合使用均可以提高肉仔鸡免疫功能。     

interactions between escherichia coli and Newcastle disease virus in chickens

We investigated the interaction between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Escherichia coli in cell cultures, embryonated eggs, and 8-wk-old chickens. We measured the interactions on the basis of bacterial adherence and NDV hemagglutination titer in chickens, chicken embryos, and chicken embryo cell culture. Depending on the inoculation order of E. coli, a significant alteration of the growth of NDV was observed in both chickens and chicken embryos. When certain strains of E. coli were given before NDV exposure, the virus titers were lowered. In chickens, the mean virus titer was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in the crop, the proventriculus, the gizzard, and the jejunum. However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups for NDV titers in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum. In chicken embryos, when E. coli serotypes O78 and O119:B14 were inoculated before NDV exposure, the mean NDV titers were significantly (P < 0.5) lowered. However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in NDV titer between the two groups when E. coli serotypes O78:K80:NM and O1ab:K NM were inoculated 24 hr before NDV exposure. When NDV was given prior to E. coli exposure, NDV titer was higher in both chickens and chicken embryos. In chickens, when NDV was given 48 hr before E. coli inoculation, NDV was detected in the proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and cecum, whereas no virus was detected in the control groups (NDV only). In the crop, NDV was detected at a significantly (P < 0.05) higher titer in the E. coli-inoculated group when compared with the control group that received NDV alone. In chicken embryos, virus titer was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when NDV was given 24 hr before E. coli inoculation for all three NDV strains used (Ulster and V4 strains). Adherence of E. coli to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when the CEK cells were infected first with NDV and then by E. coli. The mean bacterial count per microscopic field in NDV-uninfected monolayers was eight compared with 112 for the NDV-infected monolayers. In approximately 10% of the fields in NDV-infected monolayers, the bacteria were too numerous to count.     

Isopathic and pluralist homeopathic treatment of commercial broilers with experimentally induced colibacillosis

This study sought to determine the efficacy of isopathic and pluralist homeopathic treatment of colibacillosis in broiler chickens and thereby contribute to the evaluation of homeopathy in general. In each of two experiments three groups of broilers, infected intratracheally at 8 days of age with E. coli (O78:K80), were treated with different combinations of homeopathic remedies. Control groups and an infected, doxycyline-treated group were included. Experiments differed only in the dose of E. coli. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated based on the parameters mortality, body weight gain and colibacillosis lesions. In both experiments doxycyline prevented mortality and reduced E. coli lesions and stunting. None of the homeopathically treated groups differed significantly with respect to any of the parameters from the non-medicated, infected control group. It is concluded that the results of this study do not justify use of these homeopathic remedies for treatment of colibacillosis in broilers. Furthermore, no significant effects of this homeopathic treatment were established.     

Immunogenicity of an oil-emulsified Escherichia coli bacterin against heterologous challenge

Immunogenicity of an oil-emulsified Escherichia coli bacterin against heterologous challenge was investigated. In Expts. 1 and 2, chickens were vaccinated with E. coli serotype O1 bacterin and challenged with E. coli serotype O2 (Expt. 1) and O78 (Expt. 2). Positive control chickens were not vaccinated but challenged with E. coli serotype O2 or O78; unvaccinated unchallenged chickens served as negative controls. When challenged with E. coli serotype O2, unvaccinated chickens showed a higher morbidity than vaccinated chickens. There was no mortality in either group. Although average gross lesion scores were generally higher in the unvaccinated chickens, they were not significantly different (P greater than or equal to 0.05) from those in the vaccinated chickens. In Expt. 2, morbidity was slightly higher in the unvaccinated challenged chickens. No mortality occurred in either group. There was no significant difference (P greater than or equal to 0.05) between vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens in average gross lesion scores. In general, E. coli recovery was higher in the unvaccinated challenged chickens, being highest in the air sacs followed by the liver, heart blood, and pericardial sacs. There was no morbidity, mortality, or gross lesions in the unvaccinated unchallenged chickens. No E. coli was recovered from the tissues cultured. The results of these laboratory trials revealed that an oilemulsified monovalent E. coli bacterin did not protect chickens against other E. coli serotypes associated with colibacillosis.     

病死雏鸡的病原分离鉴定

从送检的３１只病死雏鸡中分离出３０株致病菌，其中沙门氏杆菌２７株，分离率９０％，大肠杆菌６株，分离率２０％。对其中５株沙门氏杆菌和４株大肠杆菌进行了系统生化鉴定及血清型鉴定，证实５株沙门氏菌中鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌占６０％（３／５），鸡伤寒沙门氏杆菌占４０％（２／５），４株大肠杆菌中Ｏ２２株，Ｏ６１株，Ｏ１１５１株。对分离菌进行了雏鸡致病力及抗菌药物敏感性试验，提出了相应的预防对策     

泰乐加和呋喃它酮对大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌病的药效研究

本文对引进的抗菌兽药一泰乐加和呋喃它酮。在我国的条件下,用人工发病的方法进行了药效学研究。首先用体外药敏试验法筛选出三株对泰乐加和呋喃它酮敏感的致病菌,然后进行实验性药物预防治疗试验。试验结果表明。大肠杆菌O_2和O_(78)及沙门氏菌S_9对泰乐加和呋喃它酮高度敏感。呋喃它酮和泰乐加能显著降低沙门氏菌S_9及大肠杆菌O_2和O_(78)人工感染鸡群的发病率和死亡率(P<0.01),在鸡群发病时,用两种药物治疗,能有效地控制病情的发展和减少死亡率;粪便中接种菌的分离鉴定结果表明,两种药物均能显著降低排菌鸡的百分率。两药均不影响雏鸡的增重。实验性药物预防和治疗试验结果与药物临床试验结果相符。     

散养蛋鸡大肠杆菌病防控

蛋鸡大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌感染引发的一种常见传染性疾病。大肠杆菌在自然界中广泛存在,属于条件性致病菌,在卫生条件较差、应激因素较多的养殖场发生流行。大肠杆菌病具有发生范围广、感染群体多、传播途径多样的特点,随着鸡年龄下降,发病后表现的死亡率逐渐提升。养殖户在发展蛋鸡养殖产业时由于不科学的用药行为,使大肠杆菌耐药性显著增强,多种药物防控效果变差,给该类疾病防控治疗工作带来很大难度。该文探讨散养蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的防控措施。     

潍坊地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行病学调查

通过对鸡大肠杆菌临床发病的问卷调查及笔者所在门诊2006年-2008年三年中鸡大肠杆菌确诊病例的统计,对山东潍坊地区鸡大肠杆菌的感染及发病情况进行了调查,在此基础上对某些发病鸡群进行了细菌的分离鉴定和血清型分型。结果显示:潍坊地区鸡大肠杆菌的感染具有较高的比例,O78、O2、O15为该地区的主要优势血清型。该研究为指导潍坊地区鸡大肠杆菌的防治提供了一定的依据。     

致病性大肠杆菌血清型的鉴定与药敏试验

在锦州地区发病鸡群中采集病料,经血清型鉴定为O78型。通过对这种致病性大肠杆菌进行药敏试验,发现在9种受试药物中,极度敏感的药物有一种为丁胺卡那霉素;高度敏感的药物有两种分别为环丙沙星、庆大霉素;该菌种已对其他六种药物产生了耐药性。该试验结果将对锦州地区肉鸡大肠杆菌病的防治具有一定的参考价值。